evolution Flashcards
________________ is the theory that certaom characteristics or traits possessed by individuals within a species may help those individuals have greater reproductive success, thus passing those traits to offspring
natural selection
T / F - darwin based in theory of natural selection on the idea that organisms produce offspring, few of which survive to reproductive maturity
true
T / F - chance variations within individuals in a population may be heritable
true
what is the result of individuals with favorable variations durvivig to reproductive age and producing offspring?
increase in these favorable traits in future generations
T / F- individuals evolve throughout their lifetime
false, populations evolve, individuals do not
inclusive fitness is a measure of the organism’s success in the population, based on ___________, ____________, and _____________
- number of offspring
- success in supporting offspring
- ability of the offspring to support others
T / F - inclusive fitness promotes the idea that altruistic beahvior can improve the fitness and success of a species as a whole
true
how does the theory of punctuated equilibrium differ from darwin’s theory of natural selection?
punctuated equilibrium suggests that changes in some species occur in rapid bursts rather than evenly over time
explain sabilizing selection
keeps phenotypes within a specific range by selecting against the extremes
*fetuses that weigh too little may not be healthy enough to survive, fetuses that weigh too much can experience trauma during delivery
explain directional selection
adaptive pressure can lead to the emergence and dominance of an initially extreme phenotype
*bacteria colonies that exhibit resistance to antiobiotic will survive comapred to the bacteria that does not exhibit resistance, a new phenotype emerges as a result
explain disruptive selection
two extreme phenotypes are selected over the norm
*seeds were either quite large or fairly small, requiring a large or small beak, thus if the ancestor had a mediu size beak, over time the animals with slightly larger or smaller beaks would be selected
___________ are naturally occuring differences in form between members of the same population
polymorphisms
___________________ describes the rapid rise of a number of species from a common ancestor
adaptive radiation
what is the benefit of adaptive radiation?
allows for various species to occupy different niches
what is a niche?
specific environment, including habitat, available resources, and predators for which a species is specifically adapted
