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MCAT - biology > anatomy of the cardiovascular system > Flashcards

anatomy of the cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

the cardiovascular system consists of what?

A

heart
blood
vessels

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2
Q

the vasculature consists of what?

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

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3
Q

after the blood travels through the veins, it returns to the ____________ side of the heart

A

right

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4
Q

the right side of the heart accepts ___________ blood

A

deoxygenated

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5
Q

the right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood and moves it to the lungs by way of _____________

A

pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

what are the two main pumps of the heart?

A
  1. pulmonary circulation (right side)
  2. systemic circulation (left side)
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7
Q

the left side of the heart receives _________ blood

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

the left side of the heart carrier oxygenated blood and move it to the body by way of _____________

A

pulmonary veins

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9
Q

pulmonary veins are a part of which circulation pathway?

A

systemic circulation

*arteries = pulmonary circulation

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10
Q

T / F - ventricles are more muscular than atria

A

true

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11
Q

the atria are separated from the ventricles by the ___________ valves

A

atrioventricular valces

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12
Q

the ventricules are separated from the vasculature by the ____________ valves

A

semilunar

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13
Q

right atrium / right ventricle

valve?

A

tricuspid

LAB RAT
left atrium = bicuspid
right atrium = tricuspid

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14
Q

left atrium / left ventricle

valve?

A

mitral / bicuspid valve

LAB RAT
left atrium = bicuspid
right atrium = tricuspid

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15
Q

right ventricle / pulmonary circulation

valve?

A

pulmonary valve

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16
Q

left ventricle / aorta

valve?

A

aortic valve

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17
Q

T / F - the right side of the heart is more muscular than the left side

A

false, the left side is more muscular

*blood leaving the left side of the heart must travel throughout the body so the blood pressure must be higher

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18
Q

explain the electrical conduction pathway of the heart

A

SA node
AV node
bundle of his
purkinje fibers

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19
Q

where is the SA node located?

A

right atrium

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20
Q

when the SA node is depoalrized, _____________ contract simultaneously

A

atria

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21
Q

T / F - atrial systole results in an increase in atrial pressure that forces a little more blood into the ventricles

A

true

*this is known as the atrial kick

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22
Q

where is the AV node loctated?

A

junction of the atria and the ventricles

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23
Q

____________ is embedded in the interventricular septum

A

bundle of his

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24
Q

______________ distribute the electrical signal through teh centricular muscle

A

purkinje fibers

25
Q

T / F - the circulatory system is under autonomic control

A

true

26
Q

what is the effect of sympathetic signals on the heart?

A

sympathetic = fight or flight

speeds up the heart rate
increases contractility of cardiac muscle

27
Q

what is the effect of parasympathetic signals on the heart?

A

parasympathetic = rest and digest

slows down heart rate

28
Q

during _____________, ventricles contract and AV valve closure occurs, blood is then pumped out of the ventricles

A

systole

29
Q

during ____________, the ventricles are relaxes, the semilunar valves are closed, and blood from the atria fills the ventricles

A

diastole

30
Q

does higher pressure occur during systole or diastole?

A

systole

31
Q

____________ is the total blood volume pumped by a ventircle in a minute

A

cardiac output (CO)

32
Q

___________ is the beats per minutes

A

heart rate (HR)

33
Q

____________ is the volume of blood pumped per beat

A

stroke volume (SV)

34
Q

what is the mathematical connection between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

A

CO = HR x SV

35
Q

____________ carries blood away from the heart

A

arteries

36
Q

arteries branch into ____________ which ultimately lead to ____________ that perfuse tissue

A

arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries

37
Q

__________ –> __________ –> veins

A

capillaries –> venues –> veins

38
Q

venous blood empties into the ______ and __________ for entry into the right side of the heart

A

superior and inferior vena cava

39
Q

all blood vessels are lined with ______________ that helps to maintain the vessel by releasing vasodilation / vasocontriction chemicals

A

endothelial cells

40
Q

most arteries contain _________ blood

A

oxygenated blood

41
Q

_______ and ____________ are the only arteries than contain deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary arteries (away from heart to lungs)

umbilical arteries (away from fetus to placenta)

42
Q

the thin wall of capillaries allows easy diffusion of __________, ________, and _________

A

gases, nutrients, and wastes

43
Q

_____________ are thin walled, inelastic vessels that transport vlood to the heart

A

veins

44
Q

for the msot part, veins carry _____________ blood

A

deoxygenated

*this excludes the pulmonary and umbilical veins

45
Q

__________ are smaller venous structrue that connect capillaries to the larger veins of the body

A

venules

46
Q

T / F - the larger amount of smooth uscle in the walls of veins gives then less recoil than arteries

A

false, the smaller amount of smooth uscle in the walls of veins gives then less recoil than arteries

47
Q

veins are able to accomodate (smaller / larger) quantities of blood

A

larger

48
Q

T / F - the total volume of arterial blood is noramlly much less than the volume of venous blood, but the total volume passing through either side of the heart per unit time is the same

A

true

49
Q

larger veins have ___________ to prevent the backflow of blood

A

valves

50
Q

failure of venous valves can result in the formation of ____________

A

varicose veins

*this is often seen in pregnant women due to the compression of the inferior vena cava by the fetus

51
Q

T / F - veins must rely on an external force to generate the pressure to push blood toward the heart

A

true

52
Q

_____________ generates the external force to generate the pressure to push blood toward the heart

A

surroudning skeletal muscle

53
Q

____________ is a clot in the deep veins of the leg

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

54
Q

explain the flow of blood starting / ending at the right atrium

A

right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
arteries
aterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
vena cava
right atrium

55
Q

what are the three portal systems in the body which blood will pass through more than one capillary bed in series?

A
  1. hepatic portal system
  2. hypophyseal portal system
  3. renal portal system
56
Q

hepatic portal system

blood leaving the capillary beds in the ___________ passes through the hepatic portal vein before reaching the capillary bed of the _________

A

gut
liver

57
Q

hypophyseal portal system

blood leaving the capillary beds in the ___________ travels to a capillary bed in the _____________ to allow for paracrine seretion of hormones

A

hypothalamus
anterior pituitary

58
Q

renal portal system

blood leaving the capillary beds in the ___________ travels through an efferent arteriole bfore surrounding the nephron in a capillary network called the _________

A

glomerulus
vasa recta

59
Q
A

MCAT - biology (35 decks)

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