changes in the gene pool

Question 1

all of the genes that exist within a species are known as the _______

Answer 1

gene pool

Question 2

_______________ is a chnage in DNA sequence and results in a mutant allele

Answer 2

mutation

Question 3

what are some ways new mutations may be introduced?

Answer 3

ionizing radiation
chemical exposures
mutagens
mistakes during DNA replication
transposons
incorrect nucleotide pairing
incorrect tRNA charging

Question 4

_____________ can insert and remove themselves from the genome

Answer 4

transposons

Question 5

____________ mutations occur when one nucleotide in DNA is swapped for another

Answer 5

point

Question 6

___________ mutations occurs when the change in nucleotide has no effect on the final protein synthesized from the gene

Answer 6

silent

*due to degeneracy in the genetic code

Question 7

___________ mutations occur when the chnage in nucleotide results in substituting one amino acid or another in the final product

Answer 7

missense

Question 8

__________ mutations occurs when the change in nucleotide results in substituting a stop codon for an amino acid in the final protein

Answer 8

nonsense

Question 9

______________ mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted into or deleted from te genom

Answer 9

frameshift

Question 10

____________mutations are larger scale mutations in which large segments of DNA are affected

Answer 10

chromosomal

Question 11

examples of chromosomal mutations?

Answer 11

1. deletion
2. insertion
3. duplication
4. translocation
5. inversion

Question 12

______________ mutations occur when a large segments of DNA is lost from a chromosome

Answer 12

deletion

Question 13

______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA is copied multiple times in the genome

Answer 13

duplication

Question 14

______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome

Answer 14

inversion

Question 15

______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA is moved from one chromosome to another

Answer 15

insertion

Question 16

______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA from one chromosome is swapped wth a segment of DNA from another chromosome

Answer 16

translocation

Question 17

________________ is a flow of genes between species

Answer 17

gene leakage

*the hybrid carrier genes from both parent species, so this can result in anet flow of genes from one species to the other

Question 18

_______________ refers to changes in composition of the gene pool de to chance

Answer 18

genetic drift

Question 19

explain the founder effect

Answer 19

small population of a species finds itself in reproductive isolation from other populations as a result of natural barriers, catastrophic events, or other bottlenecks that drastically and suddenly reduce the sice of the population available for breeding

Question 20

inbreeding encourages (homozygosity / heterozygosity)

Answer 20

homozygosity

*this increases the prevalence of both homozygous recessive and dominant genotypes

Question 21

_____________ is the introduction of unrelated individuals into a breeding group

Answer 21

outbreeding / outcrossing