functions of the respiratory system Flashcards
functions of the lungs?
gas exchnage
thermoregulation
immune functions (prevent invaders from entering the bloodstream)
blood pH control
the cappillaries bring deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary (arteries / veins)
arteries
*this originates from the right ventricle
the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary (arteries / veins)
veins
how does gas exchange work in the alveoli? partial pressures of oxygen / carbon dioxide?
when blood arrives at the alveoli, it has a relatively low partial pressure of oxygen and a relatively high partial pressure of CO2
the transfer of thermal energy is regulated via the body surfaces by ______
vasodilation / vasoconstriction
explain vasodilation
as capillaries expand, more blood can pass though these vessels, and a larger amount of thermal energy can be dissipated
explain vasoconstriction
as capillaries contract, less blood can pass through them, conserving thermal energy
what is the purpose of vibrissae in the nasal cavity?
the nasal cavity is the first line of defense, vibrissae help to trap particles and potentially infectious diseases that can later be swalled / expelled in mucous
the nasal cavity also contains ___________ which attack the peptidoglycan walls of gram positive bacteria
lysozymes
______________ can engulf and digest pathogens and signal to the rest of the immune system that there is an invader
macrophages
where are macrophages primarily found in the lungs?
macrophages
____________ have preformed antibodies on their surfaces, that release inflammatory chemicals when the correct substance is attached
mast cells
what is the bicarbonate buffer system equation?
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-
____________ is when the pH is lower and the H+ concentration is higher
acidemia
what way does the bicarbonate buffer system equation shift if the H+ concentration is increased
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-
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