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Some other class > Medieval Japan + Europe - DeMarco - Global Studies 1 > Flashcards

Medieval Japan + Europe - DeMarco - Global Studies 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geography of Japan

A
  • temperate climate
  • only 20% of the land is suitable for civilization
  • volcanic soil
  • natural harbors serve as protection
  • prone to earthquakes and tsunamis
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2
Q

Islands of Japan were formed

A

by marriage of god Izanagi and goddess Izanami

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3
Q

The Japanese nation (people) was founded

A

by sun goddess Amaterasu

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4
Q

the Emporer is a direct descendant of

A

Amaterasu

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5
Q

Japanese kingdom was founded by

A

divine warrior Jimmu, who led people from Kyushu to Honshu

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6
Q

uji

A

tribal clans ruled by hereditary chieftains

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7
Q

What philosophy arrived from China

A

Buddhism

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8
Q

Heian Period

A

Japan started to establish its own culture

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9
Q

what caused the rise of the samurai

A

Nobles began hiring warriors to safeguard their own interests

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10
Q

Which three families dominated Japan during the Genpei War

A

Figiwara, Minamoto, Tiara

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11
Q

changes introduced by the Kamakura Shogunate

A

appointments of shogu to govern different sections

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12
Q

shogu

A

military governer

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13
Q

Shotoku Taishu

A

aristocrat who centralized power, brings seventeen-article constitution

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14
Q

seventeen article constitution reforms

A
  • supreme ruler
  • centralized government
  • merit system for selecting officials (similar to civil service exams)
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15
Q

Key components of Japan’s first constitution

A

Harmony must be kept, obey imperial command, every man has a clear responisbility

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16
Q

Taikia’s Reforms

A

-Grand council and 8 ministries
- Written language
- Islands divided into administrative districts
- government organized by rural villages
- all farm land belongs to the state
- Taxes paid directly to central government
(GWIGAT)

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17
Q

Nara

A

New capital, imitates Chinese capital, Chang-an

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18
Q

‘son of heaven’

A

title used by rulers, imitates China

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19
Q

Mandate to rule stays with

A

imperial house, unlike China

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20
Q

‘Sun’s origin’

A

Nara period uses this to refer to Japan

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21
Q

Civil service exams

A

limited to nobles, not commoners, aristocracy gains power

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22
Q

heian

A

new capital, (modern-day kyoto)

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23
Q

Fujiwara clan

A

powerful, wealthy family that linked itself with the emperor’s royal family

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24
Q

Samurai

A

military retainers who protect the security and property of their patron

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25
Q

properties of a samurai

A

-served administrative and millitary function
-lives of simplicity and self sacrifice
- unquestioning loyalty to their lord
- fought on horseback
- followed Boshido
(SLUFF)

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26
Q

Boshido

A

way of the warrior

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27
Q

Feudalism

A

system in which people were given land and protection by people of a higher rank

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28
Q

genin

A

landless laborers

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29
Q

eta

A

slave class, equivalent to untoughables

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30
Q

kami

A

natural spirits inhabiting trees, rivers, and mountains

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31
Q

Shinto

A

‘sacred way’, importance of physical purity, no moral code

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32
Q

Jodo

A

(Pureland), devotion alone can lead to enlightenment (Mahayana)

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33
Q

Zen

A

(Chan) emphasis on self discipline and communication with nature (Thermada)

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34
Q

Fall of Rome effects Italy

A
  • economic & communication decline
  • Romans and Germans mix
  • Visigoths take over
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35
Q

Fall of Rome effects Gaul (France)

A
  • taxes raised
  • centralized administration
  • invasions
36
Q

Fall of Rome effects Britain

A
  • emergence of Northmen (Vikings)

- Christianity emerged

37
Q

Clovis

A

established Frankish Kingdon and Merovingian dynasty, converts to Christianity, then kingdom divides with his death

38
Q

Arian Christianity

A

As son of God, Jesus is subordinate to God (Jesus is less than God)

39
Q

Roman Catholicism Christianity

A

Jesus is both fully human and fully God, viewed Arians as heretics, support Clovis rule

40
Q

Germanic Society & Law

A
  • Patriarchal famlies
  • Murders handled by courts
  • Bloodfuse
  • Wergeld
41
Q

Bloodfuse

A

families of injured parties sought revenge on the family of the wrongdoer

42
Q

wergeld

A

‘man money’ paid to compensate for a person injured or killed, value based on social class

43
Q

ordeals by fire

A

the accused had to carry a red-hot bar of Iron and walk 9 feet, if the accused was healed cleanly within three days, they were innocent

44
Q

ordeals by water

A

the accused was plunged into a pool of cold water on a rope. If they floated, the water was rejecting them, rendering them guilty

45
Q

trial by combat

A

Fight to the death, innocent survived, can call on another person to fight for you

46
Q

Charlemagne (Chales the Great)

A

Christian Frankish king who establishes an empire across western and central Europe

47
Q

Charlemagne being crowned ‘Emperor of the Romans’ is significant

A

because it starts the Holy Roman Empire

48
Q

Charlemagne achievements

A

doubles territory and improved relations with the Pope

49
Q

Leif Erikson

A

founder of Viking Greenland, led them to North America

50
Q

First Russian state

A

Rus, founded by the Vikings

51
Q

Great Heathen Army

A

Danish army of Vikings that invade England (Heathen vs Christianity)

52
Q

Connection between Vikings and Normandy

A

Rollo agreed to stop raids in return for land in Normandy (???)

53
Q

Varangian Guard

A

Viking guard for Byzante Empire

54
Q

Bishop of Rome becomes sole leader -

A

Pope, controls church in the west

55
Q

Monks

A

seek to live separate from the rest of society to dedicate themselves totally to God

56
Q

Monasticism

A

living together in a community dedicated to God, emphasis on prayer + manual labor

57
Q

Monks played a major role in

A

converting Europe to Christianity

58
Q

Feudalism

A

political and military system that applied to most of Europe during the Early Middle Ages

59
Q

fiefs

A

land

60
Q

sub infeudation

A

the connection between various levels of the lord-vassal relationship

61
Q

responsibilities of vassals

A

40 days of military service, serve as judges for legal cases, provide finance for lighting of lords eldest son, marriage of eldest daughter, and pay ransom if lord is captured

62
Q

responsibilities

A

protect vassals, take vassals side in court, provide fief for vassal

63
Q

Knights

A

heavily armored aristocratic cavalry, dominate european warfare, chivalry

64
Q

chivalry

A

code of ethics and honor followed by knights, defend church, treat captives as honored guests, fight only for glory

65
Q

Manor

A

agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants and serfs

66
Q

demesne

A

1/3-1/2 of land, which is used by lord, remainder used by peasants (Manor system)

67
Q

Three-field system

A

rotating crops, one field with winter grain, one with spring grain, one follows fallow (untitled)

68
Q

serfs

A

peasants that are legally bound to the land, 60% of Western Europe’s population

69
Q

Responsibilities of serfs

A

cannot leave without lords perm.
work 3 days a week
pay rent
cannot marry outside the manor without approval

70
Q

Cistercians

A

wealthy monastic group

71
Q

first university in Europe

A

Bologna

72
Q

Relationship Oxford and Cambridge

A

Oxford students fled to Cambridge

73
Q

Europeans drove Muslims from

A

Sicily, Spain, and Portugal

74
Q

High Middle Ages population

A

74 million

75
Q

High Middle Ages Agricultural Advancements

A

iron tools, watermills, and windmills

76
Q

capitalism

A

economic system in which commerce and industry and controlled by private owners who invest in trade and goods to make profits

77
Q

centers for trade with other regions

A

Venice and Flanders

78
Q

Communes

A

associations formed by townspeople for self-rule when lords refused to provide for them

79
Q

Guilds

A

organized groups of craftspeople

80
Q

University

A

a guild of teachers or students

81
Q

Liberal arts curriculum

A

grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy

82
Q

Scholasticism

A

the philosophical the theological system of medieval schools, tried to unite faith and reason

83
Q

Saint Thomas Aquinas

A

posed questions, offered different viewpoints, and then developed conclusions uniting faith and reason

84
Q

Romanesque

A

Rectangular style, flat wooden roofs, massive pillars and walls, dark,with narrow windows

85
Q

Gothic

A

Ribbed vaults and pointed arches, flying buttresses, taller, with thinner walls, stained glass windows

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