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some other class > Global Studies - India and China > Flashcards

Global Studies - India and China Flashcards

1
Q

monsoons

A

seasonal wind patterns in southern Asia that blow southwest during the summer

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2
Q

Harappan Civilization used lots of agriculture and

A

cotton

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3
Q

The two main Indus Vally sites were

A

harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

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4
Q

Indus Valley Civilzations date back to

A

over 9000 years

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5
Q

Harappan used ___ to guarantee fertile soil and harvest

A

animal sacrifices

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6
Q

Population of Harappan Civilzation

A

80,000

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7
Q

Collapse of Indus Valley Civilization

A

remains a mystery today, one theory is that invading Aryans destroyed the civilzation, another theory points to natural causes

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8
Q

Who were the Aryans

A

Indo-European speaking peoples from the steppes around the Black and Caspian Seas

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9
Q

Sanskrit

A

branch of Indo-European language family

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10
Q

The Aryans invented

A

horse drawn chariots and stirrups

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11
Q

rajas

A

chieftain of Aryan tribes, claimed to be representatives of the gods

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12
Q

maharajas

A

“great rajas”

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13
Q

Dharma

A

set of lawas outlining behavioral standards for all individuals and classes in Indian society

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14
Q

Alexander The Great

A

arrives in Indus River Vally

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15
Q

Chadragupta Maurya

A

founded new state of Indoa and forced out Greek administrators

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16
Q

Mauryan government was

A

highly contralized (dictator)

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17
Q

Empire was divided by ___ and ruled by goveners (maurya)

A

provinces

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18
Q

Arthasastra

A

happiness of the king lies in the happieness of his people

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19
Q

varna

A

indian classes

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20
Q

brahmins

A

priests

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21
Q

Kshatriya

A

warrior class

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22
Q

vaisya

A

commoners

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23
Q

Sudras

A

majority of indian population, peasents

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24
Q

Unthouchables

A

Not considered fully human

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25
Q

Law of Manu

A

Describes duties of India’s social classes

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26
Q

No ______ outside your class

A

marrying

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27
Q

Jati

A

a system of extended families

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28
Q

four benefits of Jati system

A

indentity, placement, welfare, stability

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29
Q

______ possesses legal authority over entire family unit

A

OLdest male

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30
Q

Sati

A

ritual encouraging wife to throw herseld onto her dead husbands funeral pyre

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31
Q

Brahmanism

A

a monothistic religion with a single force and a single heaven.

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32
Q

Vishnu

A

another name for Brahman

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33
Q

Vedas

A

four colllections oif hyms & religious ceremonies

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34
Q

Upanishads

A

set of commentaries on the Vedas, in which Brahman began to emergeas an important element of religious belief

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35
Q

Atman

A

the individual self, has a duty of understanding Brahman

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36
Q

______ is a key m3eans of communicating with celestial forces

A

sacrifice

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37
Q

Asceiciesm

A

subjectging oneself to pain to communicate with the gods

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38
Q

Karma

A

idea that rebirth is the next life is determined by you actions in this life

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39
Q

Vishnu

A

“Perserver” in Brahmanism

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40
Q

Shiva

A

“Dystroyer” in Brahmanism

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41
Q

Siddhartha Guatama

A

founder of Buddhism

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42
Q

Nirvana

A

metaphysical reality invilving an extition of selfhood and a final reunion with the Great World Soul, present in Buddhism and Brahmanism

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43
Q

Buddhism denies the idea of

A

atman, or individual soul

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44
Q

Buddha’s four noble truths

A

Life is suffering, siffering is caused by desire, the way to end suffereing was to end desire,the way to end desire is to avoid the extremes of a life of vulgar materialism and a life of self tourture, and to follow

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45
Q

Buddhism aceppts

A

reincarnation and karma

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46
Q

Stupas

A

hold relics of Budda

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47
Q

Jainism

A

more extreme version of Buddhism, had no possesions and relied on begging for survival

48
Q

Ashoka

A

grandson of Chandragupat Maurya, widley considered to be the greatest rule in Indian history

49
Q

India failed to remained unified because

A

decline in regional trade and Clanloyalties.

50
Q

Language of Vedas

A

Sand Skrit

51
Q

Three sovereigns

A

Founded China

52
Q

Fu Xi

A

Ox tamer, domesticated animals, three sovereigns

53
Q

Huang Di

A

The Yellow Emperor, created Chinese system of writing, sovereign who founded China

54
Q

Shen Nong

A

The divine factor, taught the people, sovereign who founded China

55
Q

Xia Dynasty

A

Beginning of Chinese civilization

56
Q

Yu, founder of Xia Dynasty is credited with

A

Introducing irrigation to the North China Plain

57
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

Replaces Xia Dynasty

58
Q

The Shang Dynasty used

A

Oracle bones, ox and chicken bones or turtle she,La for divination

59
Q

Dynasty that created sophisticated writing system that evolves into the writtings used by China today

A

Shang Dynasty

60
Q

Chinese scholars believe Chinese civilization is sui genesis, meaning

A

Unaffected by events taking place around the world

61
Q

In the Shang Dynasty, it was ruled by ____ and assisted by ____

A

A king, a bureaucracy

62
Q

Chieftains in Shang Dynasty

A

Governed sections of China, appointed and disposed by king, focused on way & controlling metals and salt

63
Q

Di

A

Supreme sky god, found in Shang Dynasty

64
Q

Urnatiation of ancestors

A

Burning replicas of physical objects to accompany the departed on their journey to the next world, found in Shang Dynasty

65
Q

Neolithic family villages were organized by

A

Clans, all residents took the common clan name of the entire village

66
Q

Shang Dynasty social classes

A

Aristocrats, Merchants and artisans, peasants, Shmes

67
Q

Aristocrats

A

Primary land owners: made war, served as officials

68
Q

Shmes

A

Criminals or prisoners of war

69
Q

Peasants

A

Did not own land, worked on the land of the chieftain and other elite families

70
Q

Zhou Dynasty

A

Longest lived dynasty 800years, after Shang Dynasty

71
Q

First Capital of Zhou Dynasty

A

Near the present day city of Xian

72
Q

Second Capital of Zhou Dynasty

A

Modern Day Luoyang

73
Q

Eastern & western capitals in Zhou Dynasty

A

Based on defensive or climate needs - that would endure in China for nearly 2,000 years

74
Q

Zhou Political Structure

A

King at top, bureaucracy included ministries for rites, education, law, and public works, continued practice of dividing kingdom into territories

75
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

Idea that heaven maintained order in the universe through the Zhou King

76
Q

Well field system

A

Each peasant family filled an outer plot for it own use, and joined with other families to work the inner plot for the hereditary landlord, found in Zhou Dynasty

77
Q

One of the most important trade items in the Zhou Dynasty was

A

Silk

78
Q

Early Zhou Dynasty was considered

A

A golden age

79
Q

Period of Warring States

A

After Zhou Dynasty, China breaks up into many state’s fighting for control

80
Q

Universe is diveded into two primary forces of

A

Good and evil

81
Q

The sun and moon are represented by

A

Yin and Yanng

82
Q

Shamans

A

Assist emperor in policy decisions

83
Q

Tian

A

Heaven - the symbol of universal order

84
Q

Confucianism

A

concept of duty and human heartiness. This philosophy believed individuals have to work hard for a prosperous life

85
Q

Legalism

A

argued human beings were evil by nature, people will only follow law if there are harsh punishments for doing otherwise

86
Q

Daoism

A

Like Confucianism in many ways, but has a positive outlook on nature

87
Q

Period of Warring States

A

civil war between Chinese states

88
Q

Idealogy in Qin Dynasty

A

Legalism

89
Q

Shi Haungdi

A

First Emperor of Qin

90
Q

Shi Huangdi’s Reforms

A
  • Unified system of weight and masses
  • Standardized monetary system
  • Standardized written characters
  • Construction of Road system
  • divided landlords’ estates
  • managed commerce and manufacturing
91
Q

Xiongnu

A

nomadic peoples to the north, possibly related to the Huns

92
Q

The Great Wall

A

Built in response to the Xiongnu threat

93
Q

Fall of the Qin

A

tensions within imperial court and outer bureaucratic officials

94
Q

Class of eunuchs

A

castrated males, served and advised the royal family

95
Q

Terra-cotta army

A

recreation of Qin Shi Huangdi’s imperial guard

96
Q

Han Dynasty

A

dynasty that occurs after the collapse of the Qin

97
Q

Liu Bang

A

initially a peasant, becomes founder of the Han Dynasty

98
Q

Han Dynasty’s ideology

A

state Confucianism

99
Q

State Confucienism

A

the integration of Confucian doctrine with Legalist institutions

100
Q

Organization of Han

A

Divided into 3 branches, civilism authority, millitary authority, and censority

  • Similar to Qin in centralized gov.
  • introduced civil service examinations and academy to train candidates for bureaucracy
101
Q

In the Qin, merchants were

A

heavly taxed, disqualified from seeking office, restricted in where they could live, and seen as parasites.

102
Q

China imports

A

grapes, precious metals, glass objects, and horses

103
Q

China’s main export

A

silk

104
Q

The Silk Road

A

overland pathway used to export silk to Europe and Rome. Buddhism was brought to China.

105
Q

The Han invented

A

paper, and made big progress in Textile manufacturing, water mills, and Ironcasting

106
Q

Han Wudi

A

Martial Emperor of Han, expanded borders beyond the Yangzi

107
Q

Wang Mang

A

an official who seized power from the Han court and founded the Xin Dynasty.

108
Q

Xin Dynasty

A

Short lived Dynasty, tried to abolish slavery

109
Q

Later Han Dynasty

A

Period after Wang Mang revolt, reduced land taxes

110
Q

Cao Cao

A

general who ended the Han Dynasty

111
Q

Filial piety

A

called on all members of the family to place the needs and desires of the patriarchal head of the family above their own

112
Q

The five relationships

A 
Son < Father
Wife < Husband
Younger brother < Older brother
All < the ruler
Friend = Friend
113
Q

Under Zhou, loyalty to ____ was more important than loyalty to the ____

A

family, state or community

114
Q

Qin attempt to destroy clan system and focus on the state because

A

it presented threat to centralized monarch

115
Q

Bao-jia system

A

organizing family units into groups of five and ten families that would exercise mutual control and serveillance

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