Biology - Topic 3 Flashcards
organic molecule (hydromolecule)
Has to contain carbon
Hydroxyl Group
molecule with formula (-HO)
Alcohol group
an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group is bound to a carbon (ex C-HO)
amino group
found in amino acids, formula is NH2
protien
A molecule compromised of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
phosphate group
related to ATP
dehydration synthesis
chemical reaction that involves the loss of water molecule from the reacting molecule. (creates monomers)
hydrolysis
chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound; water molecule is put inside (creates polymers
monomer
can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
polymer
substance that contains large amounts of similar units (monomers)
Carbohydrates
energy found in certain foods, uses these foods to make gluecose
monocaccharide
colorless, water soluble, crystalline solids. Ex. glucose, fructose, galactose
Lipid
fatty acids, non-polar, hydrophobic, include natural oils waxes, and steriods
fatty acid
a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and terminal carboxyl group.
Nucleic acid
a complex organic substance present in living cells, mainly DNA/RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
disaccharide
class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues (ex. lactose and sucrose)
polysaccharides
carbohydrates whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together (ex. starch, chitin, cellulose)
saturated fat
type of fat where all the fatty acid chains have mostly single bond
unsaturated fat
type of fat which there is at least one double bond within a fatty acid chain. It is monosaturated if it contains one double bond, and is polysaturated if it contains more than one double bond
triglyceride
an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Main constituents of natural fats and oils. (i.e. 3 fatty acid tails, hydrophobic)
sterol
group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols, waxy solids (i.e. lipids with no steroid tails)
cholesterol
a sterol, type of lipid molecule, essential structural component of all animal cell membranes
wax
second group of neutral lipids, consist of long fatty chain acids through an ester oxygen to a long-chain alcohol (i.e. mixture of lipids bonded to alcohol)
phospholipid
lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule
groups of a protien
alpha carbon, R group, amino group, and carboxyl group
Hemoglobin
oxygen transporting protein of red blood cells, Consist of four polypeptide subunits; 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains. Transports oxygen from lungs to rest of the body
denaturation
process in which proteins/nucleic acids lose their structure by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid, certain salts, or a change in pH
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate, energy currency of life, stores the energy, we need it to do everything we do
functional groups
side chains that change the function of the molecule
phosphate groups
structure for DNA, PO4 is formula
monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
monomers of lipids
glycerol
monomers of nucleic acids
nucliatides
monomers of proteins
amino acids
polymers of carbohydrates
starch
polymers of lipids
gluecose
polymers of mucleic acids
DNA/RNA
polymers of proteins
polypeptides
