Biology - Topic 5 Flashcards
potential energy
stored, not in use, not in motion
Kinetic energy
used, in motion, in use
metabolism
chemical reactions that occur within the body that support life
catabolism
breaking down polymers into monomers (or smaller polymers)
anabolism
taking monomers and building them into polymers (dehydration synthesis)
entropy
measure of dispersed energy (disorder of a system, meaning how many possible states there are)
enzymes
proteins, 3D, speed up chemical reactions
substrate
reactant in a chemical reaction (what is being changed in active site)
active site
the part of the enzyme that changes the substrate
end product
final product after a series of reactions
Lock and Key model
substrates and enzymes have to perfectly match in active site for a reaction
issues with Lock and Key model
millions of enzymes, millions of substrates, perfect match is improbable
Induced Fit model
substrates are “jammed in” the active site for a reaction (dont perfectly fit)
Diffusion
transportation of molecules, high concentration to low concentration, No energy required, no protien required
facilitated diffusion
Like diffuion but requires and transfer protein
Active transportation
transportation of molecules, Low concentration to high, requires energy (ATP) and transportation protein
passive transport
requires no energy
Solute
substance that can be dissolved (or what was dissolved
Solvent
can not be dissolved (by H2O in most instances)
H2O is polar meaning
it is often solvent
osmosis
net movement of water
endocytosis
molecules enter the cell by fusing with cell membrane
exocytosis
molecules leave the cell by fusing with cell membrane
tonicity
measure of solutes
hypertonic
more solute on the outside, water follows solute to the outside, shrivel
hypotonic
more solute on the inside, water follows solute to the inside, burst
isotonic
equal amounts of solute inside and outside
enzyeme substrate complex
process where substrates are being changed within the enzyme
