Biology - Tri 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Atom
A
basic building blocks of all matter, first level of organization, ex. Lithium
2
Q
Molecule
A
2nd level of organization, ex. O2 & H20
3
Q
Cell
A
3rd level of organization, ex. plant cell, animal cell, smallest functional unit of life
4
Q
Tissue
A
a group of cells, ex. skin tissue, blood tissue
5
Q
organ
A
A group specialized tissues and cell, ex. Skin, hearts, lungs, ect
6
Q
Organ system
A
A system of organs, ex. reproductive system, respiratory system
7
Q
multicelled organizm
A
an organism with more than one cell
8
Q
population
A
a collection of smaller things (1)
9
Q
community
A
groups of populations (2)
10
Q
Ecosystem
A
living nd non-living things in an area (3)
11
Q
Biosphere
A
Everything on earth (4)
12
Q
producers
A
able to make their own food
13
Q
consumers
A
animals, cannot produce their own food
14
Q
decomposers
A
Feed off decomposed matter
15
Q
Autotrophs
A
make its own food, ex. plants
16
Q
Heterotrophs
A
cannot make its own food
17
Q
DNA
A
Code of Life, found in cell’s nucleus, shape of double helix
18
Q
RNA
A
single stranded
19
Q
3 kinds of RNA
A
Messenger RNA, Ribosome RNA, Transfer RNA
20
Q
Homeostasis
A
Detecting change in the environment internally and externally and adapting
21
Q
Taxonomy
A
classification of organisms
22
Q
Domain
A
Top of Life’s organizational pyramid (LOP), ex. Bacteria, Archaea
23
Q
Kingdom
A
Under Domain, above Phylum, and 2nd in LOP, ex. Kingdom animale
24
Q
Phylum
A
Under Kingdom, above Class, and 3rd in LOP, ex. Mollusca (octopussies n shit)
25
Class
Under Phylum, above Order, and 4th in LOP, ex. mammals
26
Order
Under Class, above Family and 5th in LOP, ex. Chiopetra (bats)
27
Family
Under Order, above Genus, 6th in LOP, ex. Canidea (wolves, dogs)
28
Genus
Under Family, above Species, ex Amanita (mushrooms)
29
Species
Lowest in LOP, ex. humans
30
3 domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
31
Bacteria Domain
no nucleus, single celled, super small, prokaryotes
32
Archaea
Prokaryotes found in harsh conditions
33
Eukarya
Kingdom Animale, have nucleus, humans are in this domain
34
4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista
35
Quantative
how many in data
36
Qualitive
How well/good/bad in data
37
objective
fact
38
subjective
opinion
39
Law & theory
Law is an observation, Theory is the explanation
40
Protons
sub atomic particle, + charge, makes up nucleus of atom
41
Neutrons
sub atomic particle, = charge, makes up nucleus of atom
42
Electron
sub atomic particle, - charge, orbits around atom's nucleus
43
Atomic Number
of Protons
44
Atomic Mass
weight of neutrons
45
intramolecular bonds
inbetween atoms
46
ionic bonds
two ions may stay together by the mutual attraction of their opposite chargegs
47
Covalent Bonds
chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons
48
octet rule
8 electrons make an atom very stable
49
Electronegativity
the ability (measure) of an element to take away electrons from a neighboring element
50
Hydrophilic
water loving
51
hydrophobic
water hating
52
Bohr Model
represent the # & location of electrons in an atom
53
molecule
a group of bonded atoms
54
ions
an atom lacking or gained an electron (has a charge)
55
Isotope
An atom with extra or lack of neutron (same element)
56
valence electrons
the electrons on the most outer shell of an atom
57
Hydrogen bonding
weak force, bonds with hydrogen, ex. water can change form easily
58
Cohesion
refers to the sticking together of alike molecules, such as water molecules being attracted to other water molecules
59
pH scale
pH, used to find acidity or basicity of an aqueos solution.
60
acidic
high concentration of hydrogen ions, dissolves metals, tomatos, bananas, Cola, have lower # on pH scale
61
Basic
higher than 7 on pH scale, blood is 7.4, sea water, bleach, baking soda
62
neutral on pH scale
7, water is neutral
63
organic molecule
has to contain carbon (and hydrogen)
64
hydroxyl group
entity with formula OH-
65
Alcohol group
an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon, formula is CO
66
amino group
NH2
67
phosphate group
a phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid. PO4
68
Dehydration synthesis
chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule. (Monomers into polymer +H2O
69
Hydrolysis
Chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound,
70
Monomer
Molecule that can be bonded to another to form a polymer
71
Polymer
Substance that has a number of smaller units connected together
72
Carbohydrate
Makes glucose which makes energy, pasta, bread
73
Lipid
Fatty organic molecules, waxes, steroids, oils
74
Proteins
Builds and repairs tissue, organic molecule, make enzymes
75
Nucleic Acid
DNA, RNA, organic molecule
76
Saturated fat
Type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have mainly single bonds
77
Unsaturated fat
Type of fat in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain
78
Triglyceride
Ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups, main part of natural fats and oils
79
Sterol
Group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols, typically waxy solids
80
Cholesterol
Organic molecule, type of sterol, essential to animal cell membranes
81
Wax
Second group of lipids, long fatty acid chain linked to ester oxygen to long chain alcohol
82
Hemoglobin
Oxygen transporting protein of red blood cells
83
Denaturation
Process where proteins or nucleic acids lose their 3D structure (temperature)
84
Monomer of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
85
Polymer of carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
86
Monomer of lipids
Fatty acids
87
Polymers of lipids
Triglycerides, phospholipids
88
Monomers of Protiens
Amino Acids
89
Polymers of protiens
Polypeptide
90
Monomers of nucleic acid
Nucleotide
91
Polymers of nucleic acid
DNA, RNA
92
Cytoskeleton
Structurally supports cell and its shape
93
Mitochondria
Energy powerhouse, produces ATP
94
Centrioles
Special centers that produce and organize microtubules
95
Plasma membrane
Selectively controls what substances go in and out of the cell,
96
Nucleus
Keeps DNA separated from cytoplasm, ‘brain’ of cell
97
Ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis (attached to rough ER)
98
Rough ER
Modifies proteins made by the ribosomes attached to it
99
Smooth ER
Makes lipids, breaks down carbs and fats
100
Golgi Body
Sorts and ships lipids, enzymes, and proteins
101
Lysosomes
Recycles materials
102
Cell wall
Protects and supports cell (plant cell only)
103
Central Vacuole
Increases cell surface area, stores metabolic wastes (plant cell only)
104
Chloroplast
Specializes in photosynthesis (plant cell only)
105
Potential energy
Stored energy, not in motion
106
Kinetic energy
Energy in motion
107
Metabolism
Sum of all processes that maintain homeostasis (digestion)
108
Catabolism
To break down molecules
109
Anabolism
To form bigger molecules
110
Entropy
The measure of randomness or disorder
111
Solute
The part being dissolved in the solution
112
Solvent
The dissolving part of the solution (water)
113
Diffusion
Process in which molecules move from high amounts, no energy required, passive transport
114
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion but with a channel protein
115
Active transport
Low to high, requires energy and a channel protein
116
Osmosis
Movement of water
117
Endocytosis
Process of capturing a substance or particle from the outside and bringing it in
118
Exocytosis
Opposite of endocytoSUS
119
Tonicity
Measure of solutes
120
Hypertonic
More solute on the outside, shriveled
121
Hypotonic
More solute on the inside, burst open
122
Isotonic
Equal solute
123
Rubisco
Special enzyme that modifies carbons
