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Some other class > Global Studies - Greece > Flashcards

Global Studies - Greece Flashcards

1
Q

Greece terrain

A

Mountainous peninsula with small plains and valleys

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2
Q

Greece is full of

A

Bays and natural harbors

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3
Q

Minoan Crete gets its name from

A

The legendary king Minos

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4
Q

Peloponnesus

A

Southern peninsula connected by only a tiny isthmus (Sparta)

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5
Q

Attic Peninsula

A

Above Peloponnesus, surrounded by mountains and sea (Athens)

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6
Q

The Minoan Crete has different

A

Language and religion from Greeks, oversaw a far reaching sea empire, a
Destroyed and likely invaded around 140p BCE

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7
Q

First Greek state

A

Mycenae

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8
Q

Mycenae civilization

A

Built walls on hills, warriors pride themselves on heroic deeds in battle

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9
Q

Cause of decline in Mycenae

A

Earthquakes and invasion from the north

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10
Q

Greek “Dark Age”

A

After Mycenaean collapse, many Greeks migrated to islands in the Aegean Sea and Ionia on Asia Minor

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11
Q

When did Homer’s works appear

A

“Dark Age”

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12
Q

The Iliad

A

Epic poem of the Trojan War, focuses on the “wrath of Achilles” led to disaster

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13
Q

The Odyssey

A

Epic romance, recounts the 20 year journey of ‘Odysses’ from the fall of Troy to when he returns to his wife ‘Panalope’

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14
Q

Trojan war

A

Mycenae Greeks, sacked the city of Troy

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15
Q

Leader of Mycenaean Greeks during Trojan war

A

Agamemnon

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16
Q

Main character of Trojan War

A

Achilles

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17
Q

In the Trojan war, Paris

A

Prince of Troy, kidnapped Helen, wife of the king of Sparta

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18
Q

Arete

A

The excellence befitting a hero, won ink a struggle or contest

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19
Q

During the Bronze and Iron Age, men valued

A

Heroism, honor, and nobility

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20
Q

During the Bronze and Irom age, women valued

A

Excellence, faithfulness, courage, and intelligence

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21
Q

Polis

A

“City state”, evolved as the center of Greek life

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22
Q

Acropolis

A

Central hill where citizens could assemble for political, social, and religious activities

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23
Q

Agora

A

Place below acropolis, open space that served as a market and a place of assembly

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24
Q

What do people do at the polis

A

Engaged in political, economic, social, cultural, and religious activities

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25
Q

In polis, adult males

A

We’re citizens with political rights

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26
Q

In polis, women and children

A

Were citizens with no political rights

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27
Q

In polis, non citizens were

A

Slaves, or resident aliens

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28
Q

Positive effects of polis

A

Citizens loyal to their city-states

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29
Q

Negative effects of polis

A

Distrust between city states, Greece divided into fiercely patriotic independent units, Greece was a geographic location more than a country

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30
Q

Hoplites

A

Heavily armed infantry men

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31
Q

What did hoplites carry

A

Round shield, short sword, 9 foot spear

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32
Q

Phalanx

A

Rectangular formation in tight order

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33
Q

Effects of Greek colonization

A

Culture spread ps throughout the Mediterranean, greater sense of Greek identity, increased trade and industry, political crises

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34
Q

Government of Greek Poleis

A

Initially oligarchy, turns into powerful people becoming tyrannts

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35
Q

Festures of Greek Poleis Tyrants

A

Came to power unconstitutionally, not subject to the law, built temples and other structures for their glory, favored merchants and traders

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36
Q

Sparta needed more land so

A

They conquered mieghbors and turned them into serfs known as Helots

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37
Q

Helots outnumbered Spartans and

A

Constantly threatens revolt

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38
Q

Sparta government

A

Oligarchy

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39
Q

Archons (athens)

A

Officials who possessed the best land

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40
Q

Reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes

A

Establish Athenian democracy

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41
Q

Sparta’s two kings

A

From different families and responsible for millitary

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42
Q

Sparta’s 5 ephors

A

Elected each year, responsible for education of youth and conduct of all citizens

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43
Q

Spartas council of elders

A

Composed of the two kings and 28 males over the age of 60, decided issues to be presented to assembly

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44
Q

Sparta’s assembly

A

Composed of all male citizens, debated and voted on proposals put forth by council of elders, elected council of elders and ephors

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45
Q

Spartans were isolationists because

A

They feared foreigners with new ideas

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46
Q

Peloponnesian League

A

Alliance of states, led by Sparta, to maintain order and stability in the Peloponnesus

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47
Q

Spartan’s basic reason for existence was

A

Total loyalty to the Spartan State

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48
Q

Solon

A

Athenian leader who was chosen as sole archon and given full power to make reforms

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49
Q

Why did Solon. Have to make reforms

A

In response to farmers being unable to pay their debts, being sold into slavery

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50
Q

What were Solon’s reforms

A

Canceled farmers land debts and freed the people who were sold into slavery, but did not give them land

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51
Q

Pisistratus

A

Seizes Athenian power and pursues tyrannical trade and foreign policies (560 BCE)

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52
Q

Cleisthenes

A

Gains control of Athens and introduces reforms

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53
Q

What were Cleisthenes reforms

A

Created council of Five Hundred and created the assembly

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54
Q

Council of Five Hundred

A

Chosen by lot from all Athenian citizens, responsible for foreign affairs, finances, and business for assembly

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55
Q

Athenian Assembly

A

All male citizens, had final authority to pass the laws and have open debate

56
Q

Persian War

A

Greeks expand eastward and come into conflict with Persian Empire

57
Q

In the Persian War, Greeks saw people as

A

Citizens of the state

58
Q

In the Persian War, Persians saw people as

A

Subjects of the Empire

59
Q

Darius

A

Persian rule who seeks revenge and invades Greece

60
Q

Battle of Marathon

A

Persians land at Marathon, 26 miles away from Athens, Greeks win despite being outnumbered

61
Q

Philippides

A

Greek messenger who runs 25 miles from Marathon to Athens to declare “we have won”! before collapsing and dying

62
Q

Xerxes

A

Son of Darius who invades Greece

63
Q

Triremes

A

Ships with 3 banks of oars

64
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

Greek force of 9,000 holds off Persian army for two days

65
Q

King Leonidas

A

Leader of Sparta during the battle of Thermopylae , his army of 300 fight to the last man

66
Q

Battle Of Salamis

A

Athenian naval victory

67
Q

Battle of Plateau

A

Largest Greek army ever assembled defeats the Persian army, And the Persians retreat to Asia

68
Q

Battle of ____

A

Greeks pursue the Persians into Ionia and destroy their fleet

69
Q

Delian League

A

Defensive alliance against the Persians under Athenian leadership

70
Q

Pericles

A

Aristocrat who dominates Athenian politics after the Persian War

71
Q

Age of Pericles

A

Often referred to the height of Athenian power

72
Q

Democracy

A

Power in the hands of the people

73
Q

Strategoi

A

Ten generals elected by public vote, handle affairs of state

74
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

War between Athens and Sparta

75
Q

Athen’s strategy in Peloponnesian War

A

Retreat behind walls and rely of overseas supplies

76
Q

Sparta’s strategy in Peloponnesian War

A

Invade Attica and ravage the fields

77
Q

How does the Peloponnesain War end

A

A plague in Athens kills 33% of Population, leading to their surrender

78
Q

Effects of Peloponnesain War

A

Weakened major Greek states, destroyed cooperation amongst the states

79
Q

Herodotus

A

Wrote History of the Persian Wars, the first real history in Western civilization

80
Q

Thucydides

A

Considered the greatest historian of the ancient world, wrote History of the Peloponnesain War

81
Q

Greek Tragedies

A

Focused on single tragic even and it’s meaning

82
Q

Oresteia

A

In Aeschylus, law prevails over personal vendetta

83
Q

Oedipus the King

A

In Sophocles, Oedipus kills his own father and marries his mother, as Apollo foretold

84
Q

Tragic lesson repeated in Greek Dramas

A

Humans were free, yet could only operate within limitations imposed by the gods

85
Q

Comedies

A

Used to attack or satirize politicians & intellectuals

86
Q

Parthenon

A

Most famous Greek temple

87
Q

Philosophy

A

“Love of wisdom”

88
Q

Philosophers

A

Were concerned with the nature of the universe and our place within it

89
Q

Sophists

A

Wandering teachers who argued that understanding the universe was beyond the reach of human mind

90
Q

Beliefs of Sophists

A

Focused on human behavior and persuasive debates,

91
Q

View on Sophists

A

Viewed by many as harmful to society and having dangerous ideas, (sophomore, “wise fools”)

92
Q

Socrates

A

Believed all knowledge was within each person, and crucial examination would reveal it

93
Q

Socratic method

A

Question and answer teaching method that leads students to reason out answers on their own

94
Q

Socrates taught for

A

Free, believed goal of education was to improve the individual

95
Q

Socrates was questioned

A

By authorities and criticized traditional Athenian values

96
Q

Socrates was sentenced to death by

A

Hemlock poisoning

97
Q

Plato

A

One of Socrates disciples, is widely considered the greatest philosopher of Western civilization

98
Q

Plato established

A

The Academy, in Athens

99
Q

Plato focused on

A

“What is real”

100
Q

Plato’s ideal government follows

A

Philosopher kings, the upper and ruling elite, warriors that protect society, and the masses, driven by desire, rather than wisdom

101
Q

Where does Plato set out ideas on government

A

The Republic

102
Q

Plato believed men and women

A

Should have equal education and access to all position’s

103
Q

Aristotle

A

Pupil of Plato, later tutors Alexander their Great

104
Q

Aristotle believed women

A

Were biologically inferior to men

105
Q

In Aristotle’s Politics he

A

Examined the constitutions of 158 states to determine the ideal government’

106
Q

In Aristotle’s Politics there are 3 good forms and 3 bad forms of government

A

Monarchy - Tyranny
Aristocracy - Oligarchy
Constitutional Government - radical democracy or anarchy

107
Q

Aristotle believed ___ was the best form of government

A

Constitutional Government

108
Q

Where did the Greek Gods live

A

Mount Olympus

109
Q

Zeus

A

Chief deity and father of the gods

110
Q

Athena

A

Goddess of wisdom and crafts

111
Q

Apollo

A

God of sun and poetry

112
Q

Poseidon

A

God of the seas and earthquakes

113
Q

Oracle

A

A sacred shine dedicated to a particular god or goddess, where a priestess would answer questions

114
Q

Panhellenic celebrations

A

Festivals honoring the gods and goddesses

115
Q

The Olympics

A

Festival incorporated athletic games to honor Zeus

116
Q

Macedonians were viewed as

A

Tribal barbarians

117
Q

Phillip II

A

Turned Macedonia into a powerful army and strong kingdom

118
Q

Macedonians defeat the Greeks at

A

The Battle of Chaeronea

119
Q

Phillip II demands an oath of loyalty in the

A

Corinthian Treaty

120
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Son of Phillip II, becomes king of Macedonia at age 20, follows fathers dream of invading Macedonia

121
Q

Alexandria

A

The names of the cities ATG captures

122
Q

Battle of Guaganela

A

A decisive victory for ATG over the Persian army

123
Q

Battle of Hydaspes River

A

Defeats Indian forces in Indus Valley (ATG)

124
Q

Hellenism

A

refers to the clash and fusion of different cultures ished in by ATG and his conquests

125
Q

Hellenistic

A

to imitate Greeks

126
Q

Features of Hellensim

A
  • Expansion of Language and ideas
  • Opportunities for Greeks in Persia
  • Autocratic Power
  • All government business transacted in Greek
  • New opportunities for women
  • Rulers patronizing cultural developments
  • Fusion of Greeks and easterners
  • Tension between Greco-Macedonian ruling class and native populations
127
Q

Heliocentric

A

earth rotates around the sun-view of the universe

128
Q

Aristarchus

A

developed heliocentric model

129
Q

Eratosthenes

A

determined that earth was roudn and calculated distance within 200 miles of correct distance

130
Q

Euclid

A

compiled a textbook on Geometry

131
Q

Archimeds

A

devised a water and established the value of pi

132
Q

Epicureanism

A

Human beings are free to follow self intrest as a basic motivating force, seperated from politics, friendship

133
Q

Stoicism

A

most popular philosophy, believed living in peace and harmony will create happiness

134
Q

Classical Greece

A

happiness and the meaning of life associated with the life of the polis and the community

135
Q

Hellenistic kingdoms

A

focus on happiness and openness to new peoples and ideas

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