McMurry (Kap.3,4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the system of nomenclature used by most chemist named?

A

IUPAC (spelled eye-you-pac)

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2
Q

Any chemical name typically consists of 4 parts (prefix,parent,locant,suffix). What does each mean?

A

Prefix = Identifies the various substituent groups in the molecule. (alkyler, funktionelle grupper, halogener eller andre grupper).

Parent = Selects a main part of the molecule and tells how many carbon atoms there are in that molecule.

Locant = gives the position of the functional groups and substituents.

Suffix = Identifies the primary functional group (fx. med alkan så det endelsen -ane).

(se billedet på side 73 i organisk bog).

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3
Q

How do you name an alkane? with and without substituents?

A

see page 73-76 in organic book.

In short, the process is divided in 5 steps.

1.step = find the longest chain (parent hydrocarbon) and number the carbons, so the substituents is chained to the less numbered carbon.

2.step = nummerer substituenterne, altså hvilket nr. carbon de er bundet til (hvis der er de 2 samme substituenter til den samme carbon, så brug di, tri, tetra osv.).

3.step = nævn det hele i en navn (4-ethyl-3-methylheptane). - at ethyl er på c-nr4 og at methyl er på carbon nr.3, og at “parent” kæden er heptan lang.

STEP 5 SE BOGEN

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4
Q

7 alkyl grupper der har non-systematiske navne (som skal huskes) - ellers kan de systematiske også bruges, men de her skal huskes.

A
  1. isopropyl
    2.sec-butyl
    3.isobutyl
    4.tert-butyl
  2. isopentyl/isoamyl
    6.neopentyl
    7.tert-pentyl/ tert-amyl
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5
Q

Iso, sec og tert, bliver de medtaget i den alfabetiske ordning af navngivning af alkaner?

A

Iso gør, men sec og tert gør ikke.

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