McMurry (Kap 7.0-7.1) Flashcards
Which are most present in organic and biological molecules, alkenes (C-C double bonds, C=C) or alkynes (C-C triple bonds, C=_C)?
The alkenes are more abundant then the alkynes, which occurs rarely in biological molecules.
What is the general class of alkene reactions?
electrophillic addition traction.
What is an alkane?
What is an alkyne?
An alkane is a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
An alkyne is a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond.
What are the 2 most important organic chemicals produced industrially?
the two alkenes (Ethylene and Propylene).
A host of many substances are produced from those two alkenes, and are sythezized industrially by cracking the C2-C8 alkanes on heating temparatures (up to 900grader celcius).
Se the list of substances on page 180.
Eth - ane (alkane
Eth - ylene (alkane
correct
An alkane has fewer hydrogens then an alkane with the same number of carbons - is therefore reffered to as unsaturated.
What formula is used for saturated alkane and unsaturated alkene?
alkene (CnH2n)
Alkane(CnH2n+2)
So an alkene has 2 fewer hydrogens with the same c-formula.
in generel (each one of the mentioned corresponds to 2 losses of Hydrogen):
1 ring = loss of 2 hydrogens.
double bond = loss of 2 hydrogens.
1 triple bond = loss of 4 hydrogens / 2H2.
Correct.
How to measure the degree of saturation in a molecule - the number of rings/and or multiple bonds present.
See example on page 181 (for an alkene)
How to measure the degree of saturation for molecules containing elements other then just carbon and hydrogens?
1) organohalogen compounds (C,H,X (X=F,Cl,Br or I).
One halogen acts as a replacement for hydrogen, therefore the presence of one corresponds to the removal of one hydrogen.
2) Organooxygen compounds (C,H,O)
Can be ignored, does not affect the degree of unsaturation.
3) Organonitrogen compounds (C,H,N)
One nitrogen binds one more hydrogen to itself, so the removal of one N, removes 1 H with it.
