McMurry (kap.1,8)

Question 1

What do single bonds consist of?

Answer 1

They result from sharing one pair of electron between bonded atoms.

Question 2

What do a double bond consist of?

Answer 2

The sharing of two electron pairs between atoms (4 electrons total).

Question 3

What do a triple bond consists of?

Answer 3

The sharing of 3 electron pairs between atoms (6 electrons in total).

Question 4

In a double bond, instead of one 2s orbital and three 2p orbital (like in a single bond sp3 orbital), how many orbitals hybridize to make a orbital suitable for a double bond?

Answer 4

one 2s orbitals combine with ONLY 2p orbitals instead of 3 (so one p orbital remains unchanged).

3SP2 orbitals gets created, and one 2p orbital remains unchanged (is a part of the SP2 structure).

Question 5

How does the SP2 orbital look like?

Answer 5

There are 3 SP2 orbitals (120 grader) in between each other, with an unchanged p-orbital laying in perpendicular to the three other orbitals.

Question 6

What does a double bond contains in form of orbitals?

Answer 6

one overlap between SP2 orbitals (sigma bonds), and one overlap between the unchanged 2p orbital of each resulting in a Pi-bond.

So one sigma bond and one pi-bond.

(sp2-sp2 overlap)
(2p-2p overlap)

Question 7

Is a double bond stronger then a single bond?

Answer 7

A triple bond is stronger then a double bond which is stronger then a single bond.

Question 8

Is a sigma bond better/stronger then a pi bond?

Answer 8

Yes, that is why the double bond is less then double the strength of a single bond.