McMurry (kap.1.6)

Question 1

C has 4 valence electrons, and it forms 4 bonds. (2s(2) and 2p(2)).

Because it uses two different orbitals, it is natural to think that the bonds that carbon make is supposed to be different.

Al 4 bonds in (methane) are identical, and are spatially oriented in a tetrahedron.

Why?

Answer 1

Because of a term called hybridization.

one s orbital and three p orbitals go together (hybridize) to form 4 equivalent orbitals, called SP3 orbitals.

Question 2

Why does orbitals hybridize?

Answer 2

Because SP3 orbitals form stronger bonds than unhybridized s or p orbitals.

Question 3

In methane for example, what is the bond angle between (H-C-H)?

Answer 3

it is 109,5 = tetrahedral angle.