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MOD 4 - Pharmacology > Manor > Flashcards

Manor Flashcards

1
Q

drugs with narrow TI

for therapeutic drug monitoring

A

PLDTW

Phenytoin, lithium, digoxin, theophylline, warfarin

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2
Q

drugs with high protein binding

A

DDITWM

Diazepam, digoxin, indomethacin, tolbutamide, warfarin, midazolam

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3
Q

drugs with high Vd

A

ABCDIF

atropine, bblockers, chloroquine, digoxin, imipramine, fluoxetine

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4
Q

drugs with low Vd

A

WTF VCM

warfarin, tolbutamide, furosemide,valproic acid, chlorpropamide, midazolam

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5
Q

BCS I

A

high solubility; high permeability

aspirin, paracetamol
verapamil, diltiazem
metoprolol, propanolol

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6
Q

BCS II

A

low solubility; high permeability

glibenclamide, ketoprofen

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7
Q

BCS III

A

high solubility; low permeability

HRZE

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8
Q

BCS IV

A

low solubility; low permeability

furosemide

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9
Q

inc GET

A

HASUL

high protein, high fat
antimotility agents
strenuous activity
ulcers
lying on left side

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10
Q

CYP1A2 metabolized drugs

A

alcohol, acetaminophen

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11
Q

CYP2E1 metabolized drugs

A

alcohol

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12
Q

CYP2D6 metabolized drugs

A

antidepressants, antipsychotics
codeine to morphine

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13
Q

CYP3A4

A

MACDG

macrolides, amiodarone, cortisol, diazepam, grape fruit juice

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14
Q

carbonyl reduction metabolized drugs

A

naloxone

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15
Q

nitro reduction metabolized drugs

A

chloramphenicol
WOF: aplastic anemia

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16
Q

azo reduction metabolized drugs

A

prontosil (antibiotic)

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17
Q

glucuronidation metabolized drugs

A

chloramphenicol, bilirubin

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18
Q

acetylation metabolized drugs

A

HIPS

hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, sulfonamides

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19
Q

glycine conjugation metabolized drugs

A

benzoic acid

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20
Q

enzyme inducers

A

PRCS

phenytoin, phenobarbital
rifampicin
carbamazepine, charcoal broiled food, chronic alcoholism, cigarette smoking
St. John’s Wort

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21
Q

enzyme inhibitors

A

VICKS FACE All Over GQ

valproic acid, isoniazid, cimetidine, ketoconazole, sulfonamides

fluoroquinolones, acute alcoholism, chloramphenicol, erythromycin (all macrolides except azithromycin)

antivirals, omeprazole, grape fruit juice, quinidine

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22
Q

zero order kinetics drugs

A

phenytoin
ethanol
suspensions

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23
Q

steps in catecholamine synthesis

A

True Love Does Not Exist

Tyrosine - hydroxylase
LDOPA - decarboxylase
Dopamine - hydroxylase (in vesicle)
Norepinephrine - PNMT (in medulla)
Epinephrine

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24
Q

(-) reuptake of catecholamines

A

NCTMM

NERI (reboxetine)
Cocaine
TCA
Modafinil - narcolepsy
Methyphenidate - adhd

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25
Q

(-) release of catecholamines

A

guanadrel, guanethidine, bretylium

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26
Q

(+) release of catecholamines

A

AETAP

amphetamine, ephedrine, tyramine, angiotensin II, phentermine, phenmetrazine, phenylpropanolamine

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27
Q

a1 agonists

A

POTPM

phenylephrine, oxymetrazoline (Drixine), tetrahydrozoline (visine), propylhexedrine, methylhexedrine

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28
Q

a2 agonists

A

ABCD MGG

Apraclonidine
Brimonidine
Clonidine
Dexmedetomidine

Methyldopa
Guanfacine
Guanabenz

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29
Q

b1 agonist

A

dobutamine

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30
Q

b2 agonist

A

SABA
salbutamol/albuterol (ventolin)
terbutaline

LABA (BIFS)
bambuterol, indacaterol, formeterol, salmeterol

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31
Q

Tocolytic agents

A

MRTINA

MgSO4
ritodrine
terbutaline
isoxsuprine
nifedipine
atosiban

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32
Q

beta nonselective agonist

A

isoproterenol

1st MDI

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33
Q

D1 agonist

A

fenoldopam

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34
Q

D2 agonists

A

bromocriptine
ropinirole, pramipexole
capergoline, pergolide

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35
Q

indirect cns sympa drugs

A

MMM PPP

methyphenidate
modafinil
methamphetamine, amphetamine

phentermine
phenmetrazine
phenylpropanolamine

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36
Q

non selective a blockers

A

phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)
phentolamine (reversible)

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37
Q

alpha blockers

A

a1: zosins, tamsulosin, indoramin
a2: yohimbine, rauwolscine

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38
Q

Beta blockers

A

non selective: NSTP
cardioselective: CNBEAM

partial agonist/sympa: CLAP
celiprolol, labetalol, acebutalol, pindolol

membrane stabilizing effect
local anesthetic: PPALM
pindolol, propanolol, acebutalol, labetalol, metoprolol

mixed a and b:
carvedilol, labetalol
medroxalol, bucindolol

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39
Q

direct acting cholinergic agonists

A

CHOLINE ESTERS

Mixed: CAM
carbachol, acetycholine, metacholine

Muscarinic: betanechol

ALKALOIDS

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40
Q

indirect acting cholinergic agonists

A

short acting: amine alcohol
edrophonium

intermediate acting: carbamates
physostigmine (tertiary unionized)
neo/pyridostigmine (quaternary, ionized)
others (ambenonium, demecarium)

long acting: organophosphates
parathion, malathioin
ecothiophate
tabun, sarin, soman

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41
Q

lowers aq humor production

A

ABBC M

apreclonidine
brimonidine
b blockers
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
mannitol

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42
Q

inc aq humor drainage

A

LEE

latanoprost
epoprostenol
ecothiophate

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43
Q

CNS cholinergic drugs

A

Don, Riva, Gala Ta

donepezil (benzypiperidine)
rivastigmine (carbamate)
galantamine (phenanthrene)
tacrine (acridine)

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44
Q

atropine antimuscarinic effects

A

alice in wonderland

blind as a bat (mydriasis)
dry as a bone (anhydrosis)
hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
red as a beet (flushing)
mad as a hatter (agitation, neurologic)

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45
Q

parkinsons symptoms

A

TRAPS

tremors
rigidity
akinesia
postural instability
shuffling gait

46
Q

anti-EPS anticholinergic

A

BBT

biperiden
benztropine
trihexyphenidyl

47
Q

antimuscarinic: mydriatic-cyclopegic

A

CHAT

cyclopentolate
homatropine
atropine
tropicamide

48
Q

antimuscarinic bronchodilators

A

SAMA: ipratropium, oxytropium

LAMA: UGAT

umeclinidium
glycopyrronium
aclinidium
tioropium (spiriva)

49
Q

other antimuscarinics:

A

M1 blocker: Pirenzepine, Telenzepine
M3 blocker: hyoscine

centrally acting: scopolamine, BBT

50
Q

antinicotinic

A

NCRare
DINSux

51
Q

eicosanoid analogues

A

PGE1: misoprostol, alprostadil
PGE2: dinoprostone
PGF: Latanopost
PGI2: Epoprostenol

52
Q

serotonin drugs

A

5HT1A: buspirone (p.agonist)
5HT1B/1D: “triptans” (agonist)
5HT2: ergotamine, ergonovine (agonist); methysergide (antagonist)
5HT3: “setrons” (antagonist)
5HT4: tegaserod, cisapride, mosapride (partial agonist); prucalopride (FA)

53
Q

h1 antagonists (1st gen)

A

ethanolamine: dosylamine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine
ethyldiamines: pyrilamine, tripelenamine
piperazine: meclizine, hydroxyzine, cyclizine
piperidine: cyproheptadine
thiazide: promethazine
alkyl amines: chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine

54
Q

h1 antagonists (2nd gen)

A

less sedating/piperazine:
cetirizine, levocetirizine

true non sedating/ piperidine: LDFB
loratadine, desloaratadine, fexofenadine, bilastine

55
Q

h2 receptor antagonists

A

cimetidine (imidazole)
ranitidine (furan)
famotidine (thiazole)
nizatidine (thiazole)

56
Q

NSAIDS

A

NON SELECTIVE

Aspirin

derivatives:

pyrazolone: phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, sulfinpyrazone
indole: indomethacin
Pyrole: tolmetin
oxicam: peroxicam
phenylacetic acid: ketorolac, diclofenac, nabumetone
fenamates: mefenamic acid
propionic: ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen

SELECTIVE: meloxicam, -coxib

57
Q

opioid detoxification

A

MBC

methadone
buprenorphine
clonidine

58
Q

opioid drugs

A

FULL AGONISTS:
strong: MMMFL morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, levoprhanol/methadone
weak: CD codeine, diphenoxylate

PARTIAL AGONISTS: PNBB
pentazocine nalbuphine, buprenorphine, butarphanol

ANTAGONISTS: N orphan
naloxone, naltrexon, nalorphine, levallorphan

59
Q

chronic grout drugs

A

URATE LOWERING THERAPY
xanthine oxidase (-): allopurinol, febuxostat
recombinant uricase: peglotticase

URICOSURIC AGX:
probenecid
sulfinpyrazone
penicillamine

60
Q

non biologicals for rheumatoid

A

CHAMPS

Calcineurin inh: cyclosporine, tacrolimus
Hydroxychloroquine
Azathioprine
Methotrexate
Purine & pyrimidine syn inh: mycophenolate mofetil (purine), leflunomide (pyrimidine)
Sirolimus
Sulfasalazine

61
Q

biologics for rheumatoid

A

TITA J

TNF inh: adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept

Interleukin ant.: Tocilizumab (IL-6), Anakinra (OL-1)

Tcell costimulation blocker: abatercept

anti-CD20: rituximab

Janus jinase inh: tofacitinib

62
Q

anticoagulants

A

DIRECT THROMBIN INH
hirudin and lepirudin
bivalirudin
argatroban
dabigatran

INDIRECT THROMBIN INH
heparin, warfarin
Novel, direct Xa inh: apixaban, rivaroxaban

63
Q

antiplatelets

A

txa2 inh: aspirin

ADP inh:
thienopyridine: clopidogrel, ticlopidine
nonTP: ticagrelor

PDE inh: cilostazol, dipyridamole

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inh: ATE
abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide

64
Q

fibrinoolytic

A

streptokinase (MI)

tissue plasminogen activator (ischemic):
aletplase, reteplase, tenecteplase

urokinase - produced in kidneys

65
Q

prothrombotics

A

vit K:
k1 - phytomenadione
k2- menaquinone
k3 - menadione

amino caproic acid analogue: tranexamic acid

serine protease inh: aprotinin (for CABG)

66
Q

diuretics

A

carbonic anhydrase inh:
BAD zolamide + dichlorphenamide

loop diuretics: FunToBE
sulfonamide- furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide
phenoxyacetate- ethacrynic acid

thiazide: CHIC
true- hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide like- metolozone, indapamide, chlorthalidone

k-sparing: SEAT
aldosterone ant- spironolactone, eplerinone
epithelian Na inh: amiloride, triamterene

osmotic: SUM mannitol

67
Q

antilipidemic drugs

A

hmg-coa reductase:
short acting - simvastatin, lovastatin (prodrugs); the rest are not prodrugs
long acting - rosuvastatin, atorvastatin

fibric acid deriv: gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate

nicotinic acid: niacin

bile acid sequestrants: cholestyramine, cholestipol, colasevelam

ezetimibe

pcsk-9 inh (destroy ldl R) - evalocumab, aliracumab

CETP inh - tor/anacetrapib

68
Q

GnRH

A

hypothalamic

pulsatile intermittent: + feedback
sustained/continuous: - feedback

agonist: “-relin”, leoprolide
antagonist: “-relix”

69
Q

prolactin drugs

A

anterior pituitary/ adenohypophysis

hyperprolactinemia: d2 agonists (bromocriptine)

70
Q

growth hormone

A

somatotropin (anterior pituitary/ adenohypophysis)

deficiency: somatotrpin, mecasermin
excess:
somatostatin analogues (ocreotide, lanreotide)
pegvisomant

71
Q

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary/ neurohypophysis

agonist: oxytocin
antagonist: atosiban

72
Q

vasopressin

A

posterior pituitary/ neurohypophysis

deficiency: diabetes insipidus
-central: vasopressin (nonselective), desmopressin (v2 selective)
- nephrogenic: thiazide diuretics

excess: SIADH
-non selective: conivaptan, lithium, demeclocycline
- selective: tolvaptan, lixivaptan

73
Q

thyroid

A

hypo: levothyroxin, liothyronine, liotrix

hyper:
anion inh - perchlorate, pertechnate, thiocyanate
iodides - SSKI, lugols
radioactive/RAI - I 131
bblockers - propanolol, carvedilol
dexamethasone

74
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

adrenal cortex (glomerulosa)

hyperalodosteronism: spironolactone, aplerinone
hypoaldosteronism: fludrocortisone

75
Q

glucocorticoids

A

adrenal cortex (fasciculata)

short acting:
hydrocortisone, cortisone
prednisone, prednisolone
meprednisone, meprednisolone

intermediate: triamcinolone, paramethasone, fluocinolone

long: betamethasone, dexamethasone

76
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

INSULINE SECRETAGOGUES
sulfonyl ureas:
chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide
G drugs
meglitinides: “glinide”

biguanides: metformin
thiazolidinediones: “glitazone”
a glucosidase inh: acarbose, voglibose
sglpt2 inh: “gliflozin”
amylin analogue: pramlintide

INCRETIN BASED
glp1 agonist: exenitide, liraglutide “tide”
dpp4 inh: “gliptins”

77
Q

progesterone/ estrogen

A

GnRH analgoues: relin
(+) FSH LH: clomiphene citrate
(-) FSH LH: danazol, OCP

ovary:
mifeprestone
aromatic inh: anastrazole, letrozole, exemestane
SERMs: tamoxifen, raloxifene

78
Q

androgen

A

5 alpha reductase inh: finasteride, dutasteride

androgen receptor blocker:
bicalutamide, flutamide
cyproterone acetate

others: cimetidine, spironolactone

79
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

CONSTIPATION
cl ch 2 activator: lubiprostone
opioid receptor antag: methyl naltrexone, alvimopan

IBS
anticholinergic: dicyclomine, hyoscyamine
5HT3 antagonist: alosetron
Cl ch 2 activator: lubiprostone

IBD:
corticosteroid: hydrocort, prednisolone
aminosalicylates: sulfasalazine, mesalamine, balsalazide

80
Q

antipsychotics/major tranquilizers

A

FIRST GEN
phenothiazines
-aliphatic: chlopromazine
-piperazine: fluphenazine
-piperidine: thioridazine

thioxanthine: thiothixene
butyrephenone: “-peridol”

2ND GEN
clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, molindone (dihydoindoline), amisulpride

81
Q

depression

A

TCA: -triptylline, -pramine
SSRI: fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, setraline, citalopram, escitalopram

SNRI: venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran
MAOI: MPIT

Misc: bupropion, mirtazapine, amoxapine, maprotilline,
trazodone, mefazodone (5HT2A antag)

82
Q

antimanic

A

lithium

inc lithium: ANTS
dec lithium: AXOS

83
Q

sedative/hypnotics

A

BZD (TOM TALE)
BRB (ultra short TTM, short, intermediate, long)

zolpidem, zaleplon, escopiclone
busiprone
orexin antag (“-rexant”)
melatonin agonist (“-melteon”)

84
Q

parkinsons

A

dec ACh: BBT

inc Dopa:
levodopa
d2 agonists
selegiline
apomorphine
amantadine - livedo reticularis

85
Q

antiseizure newer agantes

A

inc GABA:
vigabatrin, felbamate, tiagabine

block Na Ca, inc gaba, dec glutamine:
lamotrigine

inh Na: topiramate
unknown: gabapentin, pregabalin

86
Q

anesthetics

A

inhalational: NDSIEHM
IV misc: etomidate (no analgesia)

Local
ester
- long: tatracaine
-short: procaine
-surface: benzocaine, cocaine

amide
-long: bupivacaine, ropivacaine
-medium: lidocaine

87
Q

anticancer chemo therapy

A

DIRECT ACTING
a. alkylators (S phase)
b. antitumor antibiotics (G2)
- mycin/rubicin
- mitoxantrone
c. topoisomerase inh (G2)
- I - campothecin (“tecans”)
- II - podophyllotoxins (“toposide”)

INDRECT ACTING (M phase)
a. antimetabolites (S phase)
b. antimitotic - taxanes, vinca

88
Q

anticancer alkylators

A

N mustards: cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin
mechlorethamine - 1st antiCA
chlorambucil - CLL
carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU) - brain CA
bendmustine
melphalan, busulfan
pro/dacarbazine, temozolomide - methylates DNA
altretamin - ovarian CA

89
Q

ganglionic blockers

A

MTH (withdrawn)

mecamylamine
trimetaphan
hexamethonium

90
Q

triple response of lewis

A

hypersensitivity after stroking skin using a sharp object

(+) red line
(+) wheal
(+) flare

91
Q

samster’s triad

A

ASA-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)

ASA allergy
nasal polyps
asthma

92
Q

opioid toxicity triad

A

CPR

coma
pinpoint pupils
respiratory depression

93
Q

drugs that inh dopa synthesis

A

metyrsosine: (-) TOH
carbidopa, benzesoride: (-) decarboxylase
disulfiram: (-) dopamine b hydroxylase

94
Q

b3 agonist

A

mirabegron

95
Q

for MI

96
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

IA- DQP
IB- LMTP (best for post-MI)
IC- MFP (CI in post-MI)

II- PEA (Cin in copd)
III- A Big Dog Is Scary
IV- CCB

97
Q

alcoholism withdrawal

A

chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
BZD

98
Q

panic attack

A

alprazolam (Xanax)
BZD

99
Q

tourette’s

A

molindone
2nd gen antipsychotic (dihydroindoline)

100
Q

most common niacin SE

A

flushing

lipids drugs

101
Q

supraventricular tachycardia doc

A

adenosine
alt: verapamil

102
Q

for cobra bite

A

neostigmine

103
Q

alzheimer drugs

A
  1. Glutamic acid inh: Lubeluzole, adenosine
  2. NMDA antagonist: memantine
  3. AChE inh: Don, Riva, Gala Ta
  4. Targacept - nueronal nicotinic modulator
104
Q

huntingtons disease

A

low GABA, high DOPA

haloperidol, ropinirole(?)

105
Q

concentration dependent antibiotics

A

QuAAMet PolyDap

quniolones
aminoglycosides, azithromycin
metronidazole
polymyxin b, daptomycin

106
Q

chemoprotectants

A

dexazosone - anthracycline cardiotoxicity
amifostine - cisplatin nephro/ototoxicity
MESNA - cyclophophomide cystitis
glucarpidase, leucovorin - methotrexate mucositis/nephrotoxicity

107
Q

respi drugs

A

DOC relievers for BA - SABA
DOC relievers for COPD - SAMA

108
Q

ester anesthetics with 2 i

A

isobucaine
cyclomethicaine
piperocaine

109
Q

local anesthetics characteristics

A

amiphiphilic
weak bases
na ch blockers
syn, vasodilators, cns/cvs depressants (Except cocaine)

110
Q

drugs that can cause aplastic anemia

A

chloramphenicol, felbamate, phenylbutazone, inorganic anions

111
Q

drugs that can cause hemolytic anemia

A

methyldopa, methylene blue, nephthalene, camphor, menthol, soya, sulfa drugs, ASA, acetaminophen, chlopromazine, ibuprofen, interferon a, procainamide, quinidine, rifampin

antibiotics (cephalexin, ceftriaxone, penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin)

MOD 4 - Pharmacology (19 decks)

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