GIT Drugs Flashcards
magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
fast acting, short duration
s/e: diarrhea
antacid
aluminum hydroxide
Al(OH)2
fast acting, short duration
s/e: constipation
antacid
sodium bicarbonate
systemic effects
s/e:
belching (CO2)
worsen htn (Na containing)
milk alkali syndrome (alkalosis)
antacid
calcium carbonate
systemic effects
s/e:
belching
hypercalcemia (Ca containing)
may cause kidney stones
antacid
cimetidine
1st h2s blocker
contains imidazole ring
s/e: endocrine (alopecia, impotence, irreg mens)
h2s antagonist
famotidine
contains thiazole ring
h2s antagonist
nizatidine
contains thiazole ring
h2s antagonist
ranitidine
mostly used
contains furan ring
less se, better bioavailability
h2s antagonist
mainstay tx & DOC for hyperacidity
proton pump inhibitors
irreversibly blocks PP (takes 18-24 hrs to produce new PP)
3-4 days treatment
omeprazole
lowest bioavailability, cheapest
interaction w/ clopidogrel:
omep - cyp inh
clopidogrel - activated by cyp
need 2-3 hrs interval
prodrug
proton pump inhibitor
esomeprazole
prodrug
proton pump inhibitor
lansoprazole
highest bioavailability
prodrug
proton pump inhibitor
pantoprazole
prodrug
proton pump inhibitor
rabeprazole
prodrug
proton pump inhibitor
misoprostol
PGE analogue
inc mucus/HCO3
CI: pregnancy
mucosal protectant
sucralfate
aluminum sucrose sulfate
very short acting
ADR: constipation
mucosal protectant
rebamipide
Mucosta
new gen
less se
mucosal protectant
bismuth salts
reduce stool frequency and liquidity
forms:
salicylates (ASA allergy)
citrates
subcitrates
ADR: black stool, black gum & tongue
mucosal protectant
pilocarpine
inc ACh
cholinergic agonist
inc gastric motility
betanechol
inc ACh
cholinergic agonist
inc gastric motility
neostigmine
inc ACh
cholinergic agonist
inc gastric motility
metoclopramide
crosses bbb (s/e: EPS)
dec dopamine
d2 antagonist
inc gastric motility
domperidone
does not cross bbb (adults)
crossess bbb (children & pregnant)
before meals
indication: antiemetic for children, post partum lactation for pregnant
dec dopamine
d2 antagonist
inc gastric motility
erythromycin
macrolide; parenteral
promotes release of motilin
inc gastric motility
methylcellulose
Citrucel
bulk forming laxative
psyllium
Metamucil
bulk forming laxative
polycarbophil
bulk forming laxative
magnesium hydroxide
milk of magnesia
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
osmotic laxative
lactulose
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
saccharide
osmotic laxative
sorbitol
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
saccharide
osmotic laxative
glycerin
suppository
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
osmotic laxative
NaSO4 & KSO4
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
osmotic laxative
NaPO4, KPO4
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
osmotic laxative
magnesium hydroxide/citrate/sulfate
causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility)
saline
osmotic laxative (PO, enema)
docusate salts
Colace; Modane Soft
surfactant/emollient laxative or stool softener
phenopthalein
Ex-Lax, Feen-a-Mint, Correctol
inc peristalsis
diphenylmethane derivative
stimulant laxative
bisacodyl
Dulcolax
inc peristalsis
diphenylmethane derivative
stimulant laxative
cascara sagrada
inc peristalsis
anthraquinone derivative
stimulant laxative
sennoside
inc peristalsis
anthraquinone derivative
stimulant laxative
casanthrol
inc peristalsis
anthraquinone derivative
stimulant laxative
castor oil
active: ricinoleic acid
inc peristalsis
stimulant laxative
mineral oil
lubricant laxative
Al(OH)3-Mg(OH)2-simethicone
antiflatulent
polyethylene glycol
bowel evacuant
sodium phosphate
Fleet Phospho-Soda
bowel evacuant
Pentasa
can be used for the inflammation of whole intestine to rectum
5-ASA
aminosalicylates
tx of IBD (either chron’s or ulcerative colitis)
Asacol
5-ASA
aminosalicylates
tx of IBD (either chron’s or ulcerative colitis)
Lialda
5-ASA
aminosalicylates
tx of IBD (either chron’s or ulcerative colitis)
balsalazide
5-ASA bound by an azo (n=n)
aminosalicylates
tx of IBD (either chron’s or ulcerative colitis)
olsalazine
5-ASA bound by an azo (n=n)
aminosalicylates
tx of IBD (either chron’s or ulcerative colitis)
sulfasalazine
higher incidence of SE
5-ASA bound by an azo (n=n)
aminosalicylates
tx of IBD (either chron’s or ulcerative colitis)
