Anesthetic Agents Flashcards
nitrous oxide
fastest onset but least potent
ADR: coughing, laughing
inhaled
general anesthesia
halothane
hepatotoxic
inhaled
general anesthesia
desflurane
causes the most bronchoconstriction
CI: asthma
dec BP = reflex tachycardia
nephrotoxic
inhaled
general anesthesia
isoflurane
dec BP = reflex tachycardia
nephrotoxic
inhaled
general anesthesia
enflurane
nephrotoxic
inhaled
general anesthesia
sevoflurane
nephrotoxic
inhaled
general anesthesia
methoxyflurane
slow onset but most potent
used for mothers
nephrotoxic
inhaled
general anesthesia
propofol
Diprivan
milk of amnesia (vehicle: soya)
CI: soya allergy
short acting (inc GABA)
intravenous
general anesthesia
thiopental
barbiturate (inc duration of cl channel opening)
ultra short acting
intravenous
general anesthesia
midazolam
short acting benzodiazepine
(inc frequency of cl channel opening)
intravenous
general anesthesia
ketamine
only CV stimulant
NMDA (nmethyl d-aspartate (-)) = aspartate
dissociative anesthesia
intravenous
general anesthesia
dissociative anesthesia
ketamine
only cv stimulant (iv general anesthetic)
ketamine
used for mothers
methoxyflurane
used for induction of anesthesia
iv general anesthesia (faster onset)
all local anesthesias are cvs/cns depressants except
cocaine
all local anesthesias are vasodilators except
cocaine
all local anesthesias are synthetic except
cocaine
properties of local anesthesia
amphibilic (polar & nonpolar sides)
na channel blocker
weak bases
procaine
local anesthesia
ester (degraded by plasma esterase)
shorter action
tetracaine
local anesthesia
ester (degraded by plasma esterase)
shorter action
cocaine
local anesthesia
ester (degraded by plasma esterase)
shorter action
benzocaine
local anesthesia
ester (degraded by plasma esterase)
shorter action
dyclonine
local anesthesia
ester (degraded by plasma esterase)
shorter action
lidocaine
local anesthesia
amide (degraded by hepatic amidase)
longer action
mepivacaine
local anesthesia
amide (degraded by hepatic amidase)
longer action
bupivacaine
local anesthesia
amide (degraded by hepatic amidase)
longer action
prilocaine
local anesthesia
amide (degraded by hepatic amidase)
longer action
articaine
local anesthesia
amide (degraded by hepatic amidase)
longer action
EMLA
eutectic mixture of local anesthetic
Lidocaine + Prilocaine
topical anesthetic (for chemo & dialysis)
prilocaine - causes methemoglobinemia)
long acting local anesthetics
etidocaine
mepivacaine
((amides))
