Endocrine Drugs - Diabetes Flashcards
peptide hormone secreted by alpha cells in langerhan
glucagon
peptide hormone secreted by betacells in langerhan
insulin
peptide hormone secreted by delta cells in langerhan
somatostatin
storage form of insulin
hexamer
active form of insulin
monomer
based on therapeutic use: short acting
prandial insulin
control post-prandial hyperglycemia (when you eat meals)
insulin (based on use)
based on therapeutic use: long acting
basal insulin
control blood level throughout the day
insulin (based on use)
insulin lispro
Humalog
ultra-rapid/short acting (30 mins)
given right before or after meal
insulin (based on duration)
insulin aspart
Novolog
ultra-rapid/short acting (30 mins)
given right before or after meal
insulin (based on duration)
insulin glulisine
Apidra
given right before or after meal
ultra-rapid/short acting (30 mins)
insulin (based on duration)
regular insulin
only insulin given via IV
given 30 mins before meal
mgx of hyperkalemia
short acting
insulin (based on duration)
isophane insulin
neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)
given twice a day (half life= 10-18 hrs)
intermediate acting
insulin (based on duration)
insulin glargine
given once a day (half life: 18-20 hrs)
long acting
insulin (based on duration)
insulin detemir
given once a day (half life: 18-20 hrs)
shorted durationg among long
long acting
insulin (based on duration)
insulin degludec
given once a day (half life: 18-20 hrs)
longest duration
long acting
insulin (based on duration)
chlorpropamide
longest half life, most s/e
s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues
tolbutamide
fastest onset, most cardiotoxic
s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues
acetohexamide
active: hydrohexamide
s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues
tolazamide
s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues
glibenclamide
s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues
glipizide
s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues
gliclazide
s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues
glimepiride
s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues
repaglinide
control of post-prandial hyperglycemia
for px allergic to sulfonylureas
s/e: weight gain
meglitinides
insulin secretagogues
nateglinide
control of post-prandial hyperglycemia
for px allergic to sulfonylureas
s/e: weight gain
meglitinides
insulin secretagogues
phenformin
withdrawn for the market
dec hepatic glucose production
inc peripheral response to insulin
biguanide
metformin
first line for type II DM
only drug for pre-diabetes
s/e: weight gain, risk of lactic acidosis
dec hepatic glucose production
inc peripheral response to insulin
biguanide
acarbose
adr: flatulentce
CI: IBD
a-glucosidade = converts sugar to glucose
alpha-glucosidase inh
miglitol
adr: flatulentce
CI: IBD
a-glucosidade = converts sugar to glucose
alpha-glucosidase inh
pioglitazone
acts on PPAR gamma
inc insulin sensitivity
adr: bladder cancer
weight gain, edema = CHF
thiazolidinediones
rosiglitazone
acts on PPAR gamma
inc insulin sensitivity
adr: cardiovascular
weight gain, edema = CHF
thiazolidinediones
amylin
dec glucagon secretion
inc peripheral response
s/e: weight loss
amylin analogue
pramlintide
dec glucagon secretion
inc peripheral response
s/e: weight loss
amylin analogue
exenatide
activates glucagon-like peptide-1 = stimulates insulin release (incretin)
given SQ
s/e: weight loss
GLP1 agonist
incretin analogue
liraglutide
given SQ
s/e: weight loss
GLP1 agonist
incretin analogue
saxagliptin
orally
comes 2nd to metformin
dipeptidyl peptidase IV = degrades GLP1
DPP-4 inhibitor
vildagliptin
orally
comes 2nd to metformin
dipeptidyl peptidase IV = degrades GLP1
DPP-4 inhibitor
linagliptin
safe for renal; used in dialysis px
orally
comes 2nd to metformin
dipeptidyl peptidase IV = degrades GLP1
DPP-4 inhibitor
dapagliflozin
sodium-glucose transport 2 = reabsorbs filtered glucose
s/e: UTI, weight loss
inc urinary glucose secretion
SGLT-2 inhibitor
cut off blood sugar to dx hypoglycemia
70
blood glucose monitoring
capillary blood glucose (CBG)
check sugar control (glucose level for past 3 months)
HBA1c
1st line for type II dm
metformin
1st line for type I dm
insulin
post prandial
alpha 1-4 amy
a glucosidase inh
glp-1 agonist
DPPP-4 inh
amylin analogues
weight loss
1,2 amy
glp-1 agonist
sglt-2 inh
amylin analogues
metformin
