management - motivation Flashcards
define motivation
strong desire to act in a particular way and to achieve a certain result (they will want to work)
define morale
if morale in an individual, group or team is high, then there is an increase in productivity, purpose, etc
what is a monetary method of motivation
financial incentives e.g. commission, profit sharing, bonuses, piece rates
what is a non-monetary method of motivation
non-financial e.g. job enrichment, team work, work environment
what is a bonus?
additional payment what workers receive for achieving a target
what is profit sharing
workers receive a proportion of the profits made by the business
what is commission?
payment made to employees based on their value of sales achieved
what is piece rate
gives a payment for each item produced
what is job enrichment?
giving employees extra responsibility
+ work becomes more interesting
- too much pressure/more work for same pay
What is McClellend’s motivational theory?
- believes all employees have dominant needs
- managers should identify the needs to allocate accordingly
- affiliation: wanting to be part of a group
- a manager can identify needs by observing employees and doing a questionnaire
McClellend’s theory:
what are the characteristics of an achievement motivator
- strong need to accomplish goals
- calculated risks
regular feedback - independent
McClellend’s theory:
what are the characteristics of affiliation motivator
- be in a group
- wants to be liked
- collaboration over competition
- no high risk or uncertainty
McClellend’s theory:
what are the characteristics of power motivator
- content theory
- control over others
- win arguments
- competition and winning
- status and recognition
what is Taylor’s theory?
- most efficient way to get staff to work was through work, study, identity, train and reward // scientific approach
- believes employees were motivated by money and financial rewards
- autocratic leadership
what are the limitations of Taylor’s theory?
- not everyone is motivated by money, so these employees may feel demotivated
- not suitable for all sectors
what is Mayo’s theory?
- employees can be motivated by meeting their social needs
- Human Resources School of Thought –> managers should take more of an interest in workers and interacting together
- concludes that workers are motivated by:
- better communication
- working in groups or teams
- paternalistic leadership style
limitations of Mayo’s theory?
- some variables often changed at the same time and so identifying the exact cause of change in motivation = difficult
- in modern times, workers take these factors for granted
what is herzberg’s theory?
- content theory
- two factor theory: motivating and hygiene
what is a hygiene factor?
pay, working conditions and policies
believed the absence of them caused dissatisfaction, but that employees also may not be motivated by them alone
what is a motivating factor?
job enrichment, recognition, praise, rewarding work, empowerment
what are the limitations of herzberg?
- workers may clarify factors in different ways
- some people may be both motivated by both factors
- may be a challenge to enrich and empower lower skilled workers
what is Maslow’s theory?
- content theory
hierarchical categories that employees need to be motivated: - self-actualisation
- self-esteem
- love/belonging
- safety
- physiological
what is self-actualisation?
- concerned with personal growth and achievement of full potential
what is self-esteem?
- humans look for self-esteem
- seek respect of others, recognition and status
