management - leadership Flashcards
explain what is meant by leadership?
A relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people
what are the 4 types of leadership styles?
- autocratic
- democratic
- laissez-faire
- paternalistic
what is an autocratic leadership styles?
- full control of decision making
- uses power to get others to carry out work as a result of decision making
- employees have little or no input
what are the advantages of an autocratic leadership style?
- efficient
- quick decision making
- no confusion
- better teamwork
- short term –> get lots done
what are the disadvantages of an autocratic leadership style?
- demotivating
- low staff retention
- reduced productivity
- no employee input –> low morale
- long term –> high turnover
- people may be scared to speak up
what are the characteristics of a paternalistic leadership style?
- softer form of authoritarian leadership - decide what is best for employees and address their needs
- like a parent/child relationship
- still little delegation
- explains specific reasons as to why certain actions are taken
- manager listens to employees but has final say
what are the characteristics of a democratic leadership style?
- focus of power is more with group as a whole
- leadership functions are shared with the group
- employees have more involvement in decision making
- emphasis on delegation/consultation
- leader still has final say
what are the characteristics of a laissez-faire leadership style?
- leader gives employees little direction
- as a result, responsibility lies with the group
- leaders get employees to choose how to complete objectives, make decisions and resolve problems on their own
What are the leadership theories?
- McGregor’s Theory X and Y
- John Adair (Action-Centered)
- Carlyle and Galton (great man theory)
- Tannenbaum and Schmidt (Leadership)
- Blake and Mouton (Manager grid)
What is theory X and Y?
X leaders views employees as lazy, no initiative, incapable
Y leaders views employees motivated, responsible, creative, capable
What is Blake and Mouton’s leadership grid?
TOP LEFT: Country club ➡️ low task, high people
BOTTOM LEFT: Impoverished ➡️ low task, low people
TOP RIGHT: Team leader ➡️ high task, high people
BOTTOM RIGHT: Authoritarian ➡️ high task, low people
What is Carlyle and Galton’s theory?
concerns 5 characteristics exhibited by effected leaders:
- motivational
- integrity
- self-confidence
- creative
- intelligent
what is Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s contingency approach?
A model that highlights the range of different management styles that may be adopted ranging from a ‘tell’ approach to one that involves delegation
what does the Tannenbaum and Schmidt diagram look like?
Tell –> Sell –> Consult –> Participate
What is the Adair leadership theory?
- action centred leadership style
- balancing the needs of elements
- each element is dependent upon the affects of each other
it has 3 circles:
TOP: achieving the task
LEFT: building and maintaining the team
RIGHT: developing the individual
