Malaria Flashcards
1
Q
Highlight of Malaria
A
- One of the greatest afflictions in human history
- Dominant Protozoan
- Threatens 40% worlds population every year
- mal (bad) aria (air)
2
Q
Causative agent Malaria
A
- Plasmodium
- Protozoans
- Humans primary host
3
Q
Four species of Malaria
A
- P. malariae
- P. vivax (relaps)
- P. falciparum
- P. ovale (relaps)
4
Q
Incubation period of Malaria
A
- 10 days
- Symptoms occur at 48- or 72-hour intervals
5
Q
Signs and Symptoms for Malaria
A
- Malaise
- Fatigue
- Vague aches
- Nausea with or without diarrhea
- Chills
- Fever
- Sweating
6
Q
Falciparum malaria
A
- Persistent fever, cough, and weakness for weeks without relief
- Organ enlargement: Spleen, Liver, Kidneys
7
Q
Cerebral malaria
A
- Most serious complications of falciparum malaria
- Blood vessel in brain are obstructed by RBC
- Lack oxygen, coma, death
8
Q
Characteristics of Malaria
A
-Highest death rate in acute phase in children
9
Q
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors for Malaria
A
- Invasion of Merozoites in RBCs
- Plasmodium-Metabolize glucose to fast causes hypoglycemia
- Damage to RBC=anemia
10
Q
Transmission of Malaria
A
-Female Anopheles mosquito
11
Q
Epidemiology of Malaria
A
- 300-500 million new cases reported yearly (90% in Africa) 2 million die annually
- Mostly children & young adults
- 1,000-2,000 new cases a year in U.S.
12
Q
Culture and Diagnosis for Malaria
A
- Stage of Plasmodium in stained blood smear
- Patients residence or travles in endemic areas
- Symptoms: Chills, fever, and sweating
13
Q
Prevention for Malaria
A
- Malaria Vaccine
- Abatement of mosquito and human chemoprophylaxis
- Netting/screens/repellants
- Remain indoors at night
- Taking weekly antimalarial drugs
14
Q
Treatment for Malaria
A
- Quinine (Kills Plasmodium)
- Cinchona tree bark contains quinine
