Maculopapular Rash Diseases Flashcards
What is Maculopapular Rash Disease?
Skin eruptions caused by a variety of microbes
What does Maculopapular Rash Disease look like?
Flat to slightly raised colored bumps
What are the different types of Maculopapular Rash Diseases?
- Measles (Rubeola)
- Rubella
- Fifth Disease
- Roseola
Measles Signs and Symptoms
- Sore throat
- Dry cough
- Headache
- Conjunctivitis
- Lymphadenitis
- Fever
- Red rash starts on head and then to trunk and limbs
Cause of Measles
Morbillivirus (rubeola virus)
Portal of entry for Measles
- Respiratory tract
- Most contagious infectious diseases
Incubation period for Measles
8-12 days
Susceptibility for Measles
Unvaccinated individuals
Treatment for Measles
Supportive therapy
Culture and Diagnosis for Measles
- Clinical presentation
- ELSA test for IgM to measles antigen
Measles Prevention
- Get live attenuated vaccine (MMR vaccine)
- Protects up to 20 years
- Recommended for children 12-15 months w/ booster before school
Measles Sequelae and Complications
- Laryngitis
- Bronchopneumonia
- Secondary infections
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
Measles complications of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
-Progressive neurological degeneration of:
cerebral cortex, white matter, and brain stem
-1 in a million cases
-Involves a defective virus
-Neurological impairment
-Eventually coma and death
Characteristics for Rubella
- German measles “little red”
- Minor rash
- Serious damage in fetus in utero
- Women should be vaccinated before conceiving
Cause for Rubella
Rubivirus (Rubella virus)
Portal of entry for Rubella
Respiratory tract
Signs and Symptoms for Rubella
- Rash
- Swollen lymph nodes
Incubation period for Rubella
7-14 days
Susceptibility for Rubella
- Unvaccinated individuals
- Fetus
Treatment for Rubella
Supportive therapy
Prevention for Rubella
Vaccination with MMR vaccine
What is Fifth Disease?
Also called Erythema infectiosum that causes rashes in children
Signs and Symptoms for Fifth Disease
- “Slapped Cheek” on face
- Within 2 days rash spreads on body mostly trunk/limbs
-Rash may occur for several weeks
Causes of Fifth Disease
Parvovirus B19
Diagnosis for Fifth Disease
- Clinical presentation
- Rule out Rubella be testing for IgM antibodies
Transmission/Epidemiology for Fifth Disease
Very contagious
Prevention and Treatment for Fifth Disease
- No vaccine and No Treatment
- Usually mild disease
Characteristics of Roseola
- Also known as “sixth disease”
- Common in young children and babies
Signs and Symptoms for Roseola
- High fever 41 C or 105 F
- Last up to 3 days - Rash, but 70% don’t show rash
- Rash on 4th day on chest/trunk and slightly on face/limbs
Causes of Roseola
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) sometimes (HHV-7)
Virulence factors for Roseola
- Remains latent in host after disease has cleared
- Can occasionally cause mononucleosis like symptoms
Transmission/Epidemiology of Roseola
100% of US population is infected with the virus by adulthood
Prevention and Treatment for Roseola
- No treatment
- No vaccine
