Long Term Effects 1.8

Question 1

The main areas that benefits are:

Answer 1

• the muscular-skeletal system
• the cardio-respiratory system
• performance

Question 2

Long-term effects of training – anaerobic

Answer 2

In terms of anaerobic exercise, the effects of training will increase the ability to move in quick bursts. In practice, this could apply to:

• Sprinting for the ball in football.
• Running towards the try line in rugby.
• Improved time over the shorter/ sprint distances in athletics or swimming.

Question 3

Effects and benefits for the musculo- skeletal system

Answer 3

When someone gets fit, you can often see that their muscles are toned and they look strong. Exercise brings a number of benefits for your musculo-skeletal system – some of which you can’t see.

• Increased strength of ligaments and tendons.
• Increased bone density – helps prevent osteoporosis.
• Rest for adaptation and recover.
• Muscle hypertrophy: is a term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells.

Question 4

Effects and benefits for the cardiorespiratory system (your heart)

Answer 4

•Decreased resting heart rate.
Your heart gets bigger/ stronger with training, so it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats.

•Faster recovery rate.
Heart recovery rate is the speed at which your heart returns to RHR after you exercise. The faster your recovery rate, the fitter you are.

•Increased resting stroke volume.
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by your heart per beat. When you exercise regularly, your stroke volume increase, both at rest and at work.

•Maximum cardiac output.
The amount of blood ejected from your heart in one minute. Cardia output (CO) = stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR)

• Size and strength of the heart.
Training increases the heart muscles in size, thickness and strength.

• Capillaries
Improved fitness increases the number of capillaries in your heart muscle and helps your blood vessels more elastic, flexible and efficient.

•Increased number of red blood cells
These cells carry oxygen to the muscles, so having higher red blood cell count can improve their performance.

Question 5

Your respiratory system

Answer 5

Increased lung capacity/ volume and vital capacity
Your lungs will become more efficient, and they will be better at delivering oxygen to your working muscles, so your body will cope better during exercise.

Increased number of alveoli
More alveoli will become available for gaseous, exchange after regular exercise, so more oxygen can be absorbed by the capillaries and more carbon dioxide taken from them.

Increased strength of he diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
Exercise increases the strength of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles – the muscles that work to increase airflow during physical activity.