Local Blocks & standing surgery in farm animals Flashcards
What are the options for anaesthesia for flank surgery in cattle?
Describe a line block and inverted L block
18G needle to infiltrate local at various depths
Requires repeated needle sticks
Tends to get in the way because lots of adrenaline around incision site is not v useful
Line:
Into skin & muscle layers all the way down incision site
Inverted L:
- block nerves that supply flank
Both have unreliable anaesthesia of peritoneum & are quite slow
Describe paravertebral anaesthesia
Block same nerves but closer to outflow from spine
T13, L1 & L2 (+L3 in cesarean)
Stick long spinal needle down so it hits transverse process and once you hit bone, walk needle forward of cranial edge of transverse process & inject local deep to transverse process & inject some more superficial to it on way out (2 branches of nerve)
Super quick & peritoneum blocked
What are the options for blocks for foot surgery in farm animals?
Local infiltration:
- Simplest one
- Ok to remove mass or something where nerve supplies easy to identify
- Not effective for more invasive
Ring block:
- Infiltrate circumferentially around top of hoof at varying depths
- Try anaesthetise circle & block as much of nerve supply as possible
- Not always super effective
Intravenous regional anaesthesia:
- Tourniquet on (above or below hock)
- Palpate vein running down dorsal aspect of leg
- Inject 20ml of local into vein
- Take tourniquet off slowly
What are the options for blocks for eye surgery in farm animals?
Eyelid surgery: local infiltration & can add auriculopalpebral block to stop them blinking
Retrobulbar common for enucleation (easier but more destructive)
What are the options for blocks for teat surgery in farm animals?
Paravertebral anaesethises front 2 and epidural back 2 but they’re not perfect so cant completely rely on them
Careful with local because they are small extremity and adrenaline can cause vasoconstriction which can cause teat to slough
What are the options for blocks for perineal surgery in farm animals?
Epidural (between first & second coccygeal vertebrae)
What medicines can be used for local anaesthesia in farm animals?
