Lecute 15: Shoulder, Arm, Elbow Flashcards
What 5 things are joints composed of?
Bone, ligaments/capsule, tendons/muscle, intra-articular structures, bursae
What are the 3 types of joint?
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Name the 6 types of synovial joint types.
Saddle, ball & socket, condyloid, pivot, hinge, plane
Bursae are ____ of synovial membrane. They are placed between to structures to reduce _______, and are sometimes continuous with a _____ _________. What is chronic infl. of bursae called?
Sacs, friction, joint capsule. Bursitis.
Tendon sheaths are made of _______ _______ wrapping around tendons, forming sleeves and reducing _______. Consists of which two layers?
Synovial membranes, friction. Parietal & visceral layers.
Name the three types of synovial irritation.
Rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis.
Posterior brachial branches supply for which type of movement? Which two branches are posterior?
Extensor. Radial & axillary.
What areas does radial supply? Axillary?
Radial = posterior arm (extensor). Axillary = shoulder (extensor).
What areas does musculocutaneous supply? Median? Ulnar?
Musc. = biceps (flexion)
Median = ant. arm/hand lateral (flexion)
Ulnar = ant. arm/hand medial (flexion)
Limb compartments are separated by _____ _______. Muscles within a compartment act ____________ on a _____. Each compartment is supplied by its own __________ bundle.
Fibrous sheaths, synergistically, neurovascular.
The deep palmar arch has blood running from _____ to _______. The __________ palmar arch is the opposite.
Radial, ulnar, superficial.
What is the reinforce capsule of the glenohumeral joint called?
The glenohumeral ligs
The glenoid labrum is the thickening of ___________ around the __________ ______. It deepens the ______ and may be torn with _____________.
Fibrocartilage, glenoid fossa, socket, dislocation.
What are the four layers/groups of muscles acting on the shoulder? How many muscles per group?
Superficial (extrinsic back, 4), deep layer (rotator cuff, 4), pectoral (3), brachium (3)
Muscles can only ____. ____ muscles allow for opposing movements, __________ muscles work together.
Pull, antagonistic, synergistic
The trapezius is innervated by the ________ nerve. Responsible for _______ elevation/depression and rotation of the _______ cavity _______.
Accessory, scapular, glenoid, superiorly.
The LD is innervated by the ________ nerve and is responsible for extending and _______ the ________.
Thoracodorsal, adducting, humerus.
Rhomboids are innervated by the _______ ______ nerve. They retract the ______ and rotate the _______ cavity ________.
Dorsal scapular, scapula, glenoid, inferiorly.
Teres major are innervated by the ______ __________ nerve. They ____ and medially rotate the ______.
Lower subscapular, adduct, arm.
What are the 4 muscles apart of the rotator cuff? Hint: SITS
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
The supraspinatus and the infraspinatus are innervated by the _________ nerve. The former initiates & assists with arm ____, while the latter _________ rotates arm.
Suprascapular, abduction, laterally.
The teres minor is innervated by the ______ nerve and ______ rotates the arm. The subscapularis is innervated by the _____________ nerves and _______ rotates arm.
axillary, laterally, upper & lower subscapular, medially
What are the three muscles involved in the pectoral region?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
The pectoralis major is innervated by the ____________ nerves, responsible for _____ flexion and _______.
Lat + med pectoral, arm, adduction.
Pectoralis minor is innervated by the ________ nerve, responsible for ________ protraction and _________.
Medial pectoral, scapular, stabilization.
The serratus anterior is innervated by the ________ nerve, has the same responsibilities as __________ _______.
Long thoracic, pectoralis minor.
In the deltoid, the _______ nerve is responsible for which three processes?
Axillary. Flexion, extension, abduction.
Which three muscles are involved in flexion in the arm? Which nerve innervates these muscles?
Biceps (supination + minor flexion), coracobrachialis (arm flexion), brachialis (forearm flexion)
What is the long head of tricep responsible for? All heads? Which nerve are they innervated by?
Long = arm extension
All = forearm extension.
Innervated by radial nerve.
What is the cubital joint responsible for? The proximal radioulnar?
Cubital = flexion
PR = supination & pronation
What other two connections exist on the elbow?
Humeroradial, humeroulnar
Which 4 joints are within the shoulder girdle?
Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, scapulothoracic.
Which two joints of the shoulder girdle are responsible for arm abduction?
Glenohumeral, scapulothoracic
What does the annular ligament do?
In elbow, wraps elbow and provides stability
Which other two ligaments support the elnow?
Radial collateral, ulnar collateral
