Lecute 15: Shoulder, Arm, Elbow

Question 1

What 5 things are joints composed of?

Answer 1

Bone, ligaments/capsule, tendons/muscle, intra-articular structures, bursae

Question 2

What are the 3 types of joint?

Answer 2

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 3

Name the 6 types of synovial joint types.

Answer 3

Saddle, ball & socket, condyloid, pivot, hinge, plane

Question 4

Bursae are ____ of synovial membrane. They are placed between to structures to reduce _______, and are sometimes continuous with a _____ _________. What is chronic infl. of bursae called?

Answer 4

Sacs, friction, joint capsule. Bursitis.

Question 5

Tendon sheaths are made of _______ _______ wrapping around tendons, forming sleeves and reducing _______. Consists of which two layers?

Answer 5

Synovial membranes, friction. Parietal & visceral layers.

Question 6

Name the three types of synovial irritation.

Answer 6

Rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis.

Question 7

Posterior brachial branches supply for which type of movement? Which two branches are posterior?

Answer 7

Extensor. Radial & axillary.

Question 8

What areas does radial supply? Axillary?

Answer 8

Radial = posterior arm (extensor). Axillary = shoulder (extensor).

Question 9

What areas does musculocutaneous supply? Median? Ulnar?

Answer 9

Musc. = biceps (flexion)
Median = ant. arm/hand lateral (flexion)
Ulnar = ant. arm/hand medial (flexion)

Question 10

Limb compartments are separated by _____ _______. Muscles within a compartment act ____________ on a _____. Each compartment is supplied by its own __________ bundle.

Answer 10

Fibrous sheaths, synergistically, neurovascular.

Question 11

The deep palmar arch has blood running from _____ to _______. The __________ palmar arch is the opposite.

Answer 11

Radial, ulnar, superficial.

Question 12

What is the reinforce capsule of the glenohumeral joint called?

Answer 12

The glenohumeral ligs

Question 13

The glenoid labrum is the thickening of ___________ around the __________ ______. It deepens the ______ and may be torn with _____________.

Answer 13

Fibrocartilage, glenoid fossa, socket, dislocation.

Question 14

What are the four layers/groups of muscles acting on the shoulder? How many muscles per group?

Answer 14

Superficial (extrinsic back, 4), deep layer (rotator cuff, 4), pectoral (3), brachium (3)

Question 15

Muscles can only ____. ____ muscles allow for opposing movements, __________ muscles work together.

Answer 15

Pull, antagonistic, synergistic

Question 16

The trapezius is innervated by the ________ nerve. Responsible for _______ elevation/depression and rotation of the _______ cavity _______.

Answer 16

Accessory, scapular, glenoid, superiorly.

Question 17

The LD is innervated by the ________ nerve and is responsible for extending and _______ the ________.

Answer 17

Thoracodorsal, adducting, humerus.

Question 18

Rhomboids are innervated by the _______ ______ nerve. They retract the ______ and rotate the _______ cavity ________.

Answer 18

Dorsal scapular, scapula, glenoid, inferiorly.

Question 19

Teres major are innervated by the ______ __________ nerve. They ____ and medially rotate the ______.

Answer 19

Lower subscapular, adduct, arm.

Question 20

What are the 4 muscles apart of the rotator cuff? Hint: SITS

Answer 20

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 21

The supraspinatus and the infraspinatus are innervated by the _________ nerve. The former initiates & assists with arm ____, while the latter _________ rotates arm.

Answer 21

Suprascapular, abduction, laterally.

Question 22

The teres minor is innervated by the ______ nerve and ______ rotates the arm. The subscapularis is innervated by the _____________ nerves and _______ rotates arm.

Answer 22

axillary, laterally, upper & lower subscapular, medially

Question 23

What are the three muscles involved in the pectoral region?

Answer 23

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Question 24

The pectoralis major is innervated by the ____________ nerves, responsible for _____ flexion and _______.

Answer 24

Lat + med pectoral, arm, adduction.

Question 25

Pectoralis minor is innervated by the ________ nerve, responsible for ________ protraction and _________.

Answer 25

Medial pectoral, scapular, stabilization.

Question 26

The serratus anterior is innervated by the ________ nerve, has the same responsibilities as __________ _______.

Answer 26

Long thoracic, pectoralis minor.

Question 27

In the deltoid, the _______ nerve is responsible for which three processes?

Answer 27

Axillary. Flexion, extension, abduction.

Question 28

Which three muscles are involved in flexion in the arm? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

Answer 28

Biceps (supination + minor flexion), coracobrachialis (arm flexion), brachialis (forearm flexion)

Question 29

What is the long head of tricep responsible for? All heads? Which nerve are they innervated by?

Answer 29

Long = arm extension
All = forearm extension.
Innervated by radial nerve.

Question 30

What is the cubital joint responsible for? The proximal radioulnar?

Answer 30

Cubital = flexion
PR = supination & pronation

Question 31

What other two connections exist on the elbow?

Answer 31

Humeroradial, humeroulnar

Question 32

Which 4 joints are within the shoulder girdle?

Answer 32

Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, scapulothoracic.

Question 33

Which two joints of the shoulder girdle are responsible for arm abduction?

Answer 33

Glenohumeral, scapulothoracic

Question 34

What does the annular ligament do?

Answer 34

In elbow, wraps elbow and provides stability

Question 35

Which other two ligaments support the elnow?

Answer 35

Radial collateral, ulnar collateral