Lecture 5: Nervous System Functions + Cells Flashcards
What is an eponym?
Eponyms are terms named after a person/myth (ex. fallopian tube)
What is the difference between input and output within the nervous system?
Input = sensory info gathered in the periphery sent to the brain. Output = motor information generated in brain and sent to the periphery.
Neurons transmit ______. ___________ cells transmit signals faster. What are the 3 types of neurons?
Information. Myelinated. 3 types are motor, sensory, interneurons.
Neuroglia are nonneuronal, __________ cells. They are 5x as _________ as neurons. What are their jobs?
Nonexcitable, abundant. Jobs are to support, insulate, nourish neurons.
Multipolar neurons are __________ and are found where? Pseudounipolar neurons are __________, and are found where? What makes these neuron types different?
Efferent, found in ANS, skeletal muscle control, interneurons. Afferent, found in sensory signalling. They are structurally different because pseudounipolar neurons have a detached perikaryon.
What are the four types of neuroglia?
Ependymal, microglia, macroglia (astrocytes, myelinating cells).
Name differences between oligodendrocytes and schwann cells.
Oligodendrocytes form multiple myelin sheaths and schwann cells only form one. Oligodendrocytes don’t regenerate, schwann cells do.
Info travels via neuronal axon as _______ signal. Synapses form ___________ connections. __________ makes everything faster.
Electrical, chemical, myelin.
Both within the sensory and motor nervous systems there are ________ and _________ sub-types. What are the sub-types of the autonomic system within the motor system?
Somatic, autonomic. Subtypes are sympathetic (flight, flight, fright) and parasympathetic (rest, relaxation).
Grey matter = _______________
White matter = _____________
Connections, transmissions
What are the 5 parts of the central nervous system?
Cerebral cortex, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord
_______ = deep groove
_______ = shallow groove
______ = ridge
Fissure, sulcus, gyrus
What is the frontal lobe responsible for? The parietal lobe?
F = motor + personality. P = sensory and language perception/procession.
What is the temporal lobe responsible for? The occipital lobe?
T = auditory and smell. O = visual processing.
What is the insular lobe responsible for? The cerebellum?
I = balance. C = motor coordination.
What are the three sections of the frontal lobe?
Brocha’s area, pre-central gyrus, central sulcus.
What are the two sections of the parietal lobe?
Post-centra gyrus, wernicke’s area.
Which fissure exists on the temporal lobe?
Lateral fissure.
What is homunculus?
Somatotopic organization corresponding to the proportion of innervation delivered to/received from the body.
Which aspects are associated with the right side of the brain? Left?
Right = holistic, intuitive, creative. Left: analytical, logical, language.
What are the three types of fibers within white matter tracts?
Commissural fibres, association fibres, projection fibres.
What is the limbic system responsible for? The basal nuclei (ganglia)?
L = memory and emotion. BN = basic motor function.
Grey matter = ________ ______
White matter tracts = ______________
Deep nuclei = __________ _________
Specialized areas, connections, integrated functions.
