Lecture 5: Nervous System Functions + Cells

Question 1

What is an eponym?

Answer 1

Eponyms are terms named after a person/myth (ex. fallopian tube)

Question 2

What is the difference between input and output within the nervous system?

Answer 2

Input = sensory info gathered in the periphery sent to the brain. Output = motor information generated in brain and sent to the periphery.

Question 3

Neurons transmit ______. ___________ cells transmit signals faster. What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 3

Information. Myelinated. 3 types are motor, sensory, interneurons.

Question 4

Neuroglia are nonneuronal, __________ cells. They are 5x as _________ as neurons. What are their jobs?

Answer 4

Nonexcitable, abundant. Jobs are to support, insulate, nourish neurons.

Question 5

Multipolar neurons are __________ and are found where? Pseudounipolar neurons are __________, and are found where? What makes these neuron types different?

Answer 5

Efferent, found in ANS, skeletal muscle control, interneurons. Afferent, found in sensory signalling. They are structurally different because pseudounipolar neurons have a detached perikaryon.

Question 6

What are the four types of neuroglia?

Answer 6

Ependymal, microglia, macroglia (astrocytes, myelinating cells).

Question 7

Name differences between oligodendrocytes and schwann cells.

Answer 7

Oligodendrocytes form multiple myelin sheaths and schwann cells only form one. Oligodendrocytes don’t regenerate, schwann cells do.

Question 8

Info travels via neuronal axon as _______ signal. Synapses form ___________ connections. __________ makes everything faster.

Answer 8

Electrical, chemical, myelin.

Question 9

Both within the sensory and motor nervous systems there are ________ and _________ sub-types. What are the sub-types of the autonomic system within the motor system?

Answer 9

Somatic, autonomic. Subtypes are sympathetic (flight, flight, fright) and parasympathetic (rest, relaxation).

Question 10

Grey matter = _______________
White matter = _____________

Answer 10

Connections, transmissions

Question 11

What are the 5 parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 11

Cerebral cortex, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord

Question 12

_______ = deep groove
_______ = shallow groove
______ = ridge

Answer 12

Fissure, sulcus, gyrus

Question 13

What is the frontal lobe responsible for? The parietal lobe?

Answer 13

F = motor + personality. P = sensory and language perception/procession.

Question 14

What is the temporal lobe responsible for? The occipital lobe?

Answer 14

T = auditory and smell. O = visual processing.

Question 15

What is the insular lobe responsible for? The cerebellum?

Answer 15

I = balance. C = motor coordination.

Question 16

What are the three sections of the frontal lobe?

Answer 16

Brocha’s area, pre-central gyrus, central sulcus.

Question 17

What are the two sections of the parietal lobe?

Answer 17

Post-centra gyrus, wernicke’s area.

Question 18

Which fissure exists on the temporal lobe?

Answer 18

Lateral fissure.

Question 19

What is homunculus?

Answer 19

Somatotopic organization corresponding to the proportion of innervation delivered to/received from the body.

Question 20

Which aspects are associated with the right side of the brain? Left?

Answer 20

Right = holistic, intuitive, creative. Left: analytical, logical, language.

Question 21

What are the three types of fibers within white matter tracts?

Answer 21

Commissural fibres, association fibres, projection fibres.

Question 22

What is the limbic system responsible for? The basal nuclei (ganglia)?

Answer 22

L = memory and emotion. BN = basic motor function.

Question 23

Grey matter = ________ ______
White matter tracts = ______________
Deep nuclei = __________ _________

Answer 23

Specialized areas, connections, integrated functions.