4: Thorax and Upper Limb (manual) Flashcards
Define circumduction.
Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction to cause the distal end of a limb to move in a circle.
Define protraction/retraction.
Movement of bone anteriorly/posteriorly in a transverse plane.
Define elevation/depression.
Superior/inferior movement of the pectoral girdle.
Define dorsiflexion/plantar flexion.
Movement of ankle in direction of dorsal surface/plantar surface of foot.
Define internal/external rotation.
Exclusive to hip and shoulder - rotation of entire limb medially/laterally.
Which four compartments of muscles control the spine?
Left and right flexors, left and right extensors.
What are the spinal flexors controlled by? Extensors?
Flexors are innverated by the ventral rami, extensors are innervated by dorsal rami.
In the thoracic region, the anterior compartment consists of which three layers of muscles?
External, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles.
External intercostal muscles are found in the _____ layer. They run ______ and _______. Internal intercostal muscles are found _______ and run ____ and ______.
Superficial, downward, medially, deep, upward, medially.
When muscle layers contract together during ______ they prevent ________ spaces from collapsing inward.
Inhalation, intercostal
Damage to bones in the shoulder joint is called a ________, damage to ligaments is called a ________.
Dislocation, sprain.
What are the three ligaments that provide stability to the shoulder joint?
Acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular.
The _________ _______extends between the distal radius and ulna on both the posterior surfaces. What is a retinaculum?
Extensor retinaculum. Retinaculum is a specialized ligament that stabilizes long tendons as they cross wrist/ankle joints.
What does the extensor retinaculum stabilize specifically?
Extensor digitorum tendons.
