Lecture 2: Tissues & Integument Flashcards
Name the four types of tissues and their main purpose.
Epithelial (covering), muscle (movement), nervous (control), connective (support)
What is the difference between simple and stratified tissue? What is pseudostratified?
Simple tissue has one layer, stratified has multiple layers between the apical and basal surface. Pseudostratified is randomized.
What are the three shapes that epithelial issue can have?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar.
What is a basement membrane?
Something the cells can adhere to.
Connective tissue is most _______ tissue by _____, and is usually well ______________. Name the 4 functions of connective tissues.
Abundant, weight, vascularized. Binding & support, protection against infection, tissue repair, insulation.
Connective tissue is surrounded by an _____________ ________. It is made up of ground substance and fibers such as ________ and _______. Ground substance may be _______, ___________, ________, or calcified.
Extra-cellular matrix, collagen, elastin, fluid, semi-fluid, gelatinous.
What are two types of connective tissues that are not well-vascularized? What does this cause?
Tendons and ligaments. It takes them longer to recover.
List the two types of connective tissue proper. Name the 3 sub-classes of these types.
Loose connective tissue (areolar, reticular, adipose), dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic).
What is cartilage made of/texture? Name 3 expamples.
Chondrocytes (stiff, gelatenous GS). Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic.
What is bone made of/material? What is blood made of/material?
Osteocytes (calcified GS). RBC’s (fluid GS).
What are the four colors skin can become, their scientific terms, and what do they mean?
Blue (cyanotic) means hypoxemia. Yellow (jaundiced/icteric) means liver disfunction due to buildup of bilirubin. Red (erythema) means heat, infection, inflammation. White (pallor) means shock, anemia, peripheral vasoconstriction.
What two parts make up the integumentary system? What are the three basic layers of the skin?
Skin + accessory organs. Epidermis, dermis (hair follicles, glands, sensory receptors, blood vessels), hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
What are the 5 layers (strata) of the epidermis? List their material as well.
Basale (germinativum), spinosum (spiny), granulosum (granular), lucidum (clear), corneum (horny).
The epidermis lacks ______ _______, so it receives nutrients via _________. There is a balance between cell ____________ and cell ______. The entire process takes ______ weeks, but takes 7-10 days in ____________.
Blood vessels, diffusion, production, death, 4-6, psoriasis.
Ketatinocytes produce ________ which protect the skin from ________, abrasion, _________, and chemicals.
Keratin, heat, microbes.
Melanocytes make up ____ of epidermal cells. They produce ________ and are found in the _______ __________.
8%, melanin, stratum basale.
Langerhans cell perform _____________. They are found in the _________ _______.
Phagocytosis, stratum spinsoum.
____________ cells detect touch sensations and are found in the _________ _________.
Merkel, stratum basale.
Epidermal ridges give rise to _______________, increases surface area of ________ and improves _______. They are made of dermal ____________, epidermal ______, and epidermal ridges.
Fingerprints/footprints, epidermis, grip, papilla, peg.
Everyone has the same number of ___________ but different amounts of __________. Melanin protects the _________ layer against damaging UV rays. Increased UV = increased __________ _________.
Melanocytes, melanin, germinal, melanin synthesis (tanning).
Skin tone is made of which three pigments?
Melanin, carotene (vit. A), hemoglobin.
Name 4 melanocyte alterations.
Albinism, vitiligo, freckles/moles, melanoma.
Name the ABCDE’s of malignant melanomas.
Asymmetrical, borders uneven, colors (2 or more), diameter (larger than 6mm), elevated/evolving.
The dermis is ______ and _______ than the epidermis. It binds the epidermis to _____________ tissues. Contains _____ and _______ fibers that provide support for the skin (secreted by _________). Location of ________________ (4). Divided into __________ and _________ regions.
Deeper, thicker, underlying, collagen, elastic, fibroblasts, BV’s, nerves, hair follicles, skin glands, papillary, reticular.
What are the 4 types of skin glands and what do they produce?
Sebaceous (oils), apocrine (sweat), eccrine (sweat), ceruminous (wax).
Name the 6 functions of skin.
Thermo-regulator, blood reservoir, protection, cutaneous sensations, excretion/absorption, synthesis of vitamin D (metabolism).
List the 4 phases of deep skin wound healing.
Inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, maturation
