1: Introduction to Anatomy (manual)

Question 1

What does anatomy mean?

Answer 1

Cutting up

Question 2

What does physiology mean?

Answer 2

The study of nature of the body

Question 3

The sagittal plane divides the body into ___ and _____ sections. A frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into ______ and ______ sections. A transverse plane divides the body into ____ and _____ sections, and an ______ plane divides in any other way.

Answer 3

Left, right, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, oblique.

Question 4

Superior/cephalic/cranial means towards the ____, _______ means towards the bottom. _____ means towards the nose. Anterior means to the ____ of the body, _____ means to the back.

Answer 4

Top/head, inferior/caudal, rostral, front, posterior.

Question 5

Medial means to the ____ of the body, _____ means to the side of. _______ means same side of body as another structure, _______ means the opposite.

Answer 5

Middle, lateral, ipsilateral, contralateral.

Question 6

______ means nearer to the attachment point as another structure, _____ means further. Superficial means towards the _____ of the body, deep means towards the ______ of the body.

Answer 6

Proximal, distal, surface, inside.

Question 7

What’s the difference between prone/supine position?

Answer 7

Prone position is laying face-down, supine is laying face-up.

Question 8

Name the nine abdominopelvic regions from top to bottom, left to right.

Answer 8

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal.

Question 9

Name at least one organ per abdominopelvic region.

Answer 9

……

Question 10

A _____ membrane, composed of a single layer of _______ cells that secret a small amount of _____ fluid, covers the _______ (organs) and lines of the walls of the _______ and abdominopelvic cavities.

Answer 10

Serous, epithelial, serous, viscera, thoracic.

Question 11

What does serous fluid? What is the other layer of organs called?

Answer 11

Serous fluid acts to lubricate the surface of organs, allowing them to slide within their cavities. Called a serosa (serous membrane).

Question 12

The serous layer covering lungs is called the ______ pleura, while the inside of the pleural cavity has a __________ pleura.

Answer 12

Parietal (connected to body cavity), visceral (connected to organ)

Question 13

The heart is situated in the _______ cavity, just left to the midline of the __________. The wall of the left ventricle is more _______ than the right. What is the descending thoracic aorta?

Answer 13

Pericardial, thorax, muscular. The descending thoracic aorta is a large tube-like structure located between the heart and the posterior thoracic wall. It delivers blood to the organs of the thorax, abdomen, and lower extremities.

Question 14

Which two categories of bones exist? What are the sub-categories of one of them?

Answer 14

Axial (skull, vertebrae, ribs, etc.), appendicular (upper & lower).

Question 15

What is the foramen magnum and what structure passes through it? What are fontanelles and what are their purpose?

Answer 15

Large opening at base of skull, spine/spinal cord enters skull there. Fontanelles are soft spots that babies are born with before complete ossification of the skull, helps babies travel through birth canal.

Question 16

Name the 4 regions of the arm using correct terms. (top to bottom)

Answer 16

Pectoral girdle, brachium, antebrachium, manus.

Question 17

Name the bones in the arm top-to-bottom with correct nomenclature.

Answer 17

Clavicle, scapula, humerus, cubit radius/ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

Question 18

What are the three parts of the scapula? Describe them.

Answer 18

Spine of scapula is a ridge that looks like a “spine.” Acromion are the little nubs at the end. Coracoid process are at the tip, pointed upwards.

Question 19

What are the three parts of the hip bone? What is the connection of these three bones called?

Answer 19

Ilium, ischium, pubic. Connected by acetabulum.

Question 20

The superior border of the ilium forms the ______ ________, which is the attachment site for the anterior __________ _____ muscles. When sitting, your body weight is transmitted through a prominence of the ________ known as the ________ ______________.

Answer 20

Iliac crest, abdominal wall, ischium, ischial tuberosity.

Question 21

Name the bones in the leg, top-to-bottom.

Answer 21

Femur, patella, tibia/fibula, tarsals, talus, metatarsals, phalanges