Lecture 20: Leg and Shank

Question 1

What is a foot drop characterized by?

Answer 1

Inability to dorsiflex, reduced eversion.

Question 2

What are the 5 ligaments of the knee?

Answer 2

MCL, LCL, PCL, ACL, patellar

Question 3

What are the 4 bones of the knee?

Answer 3

Femur, tibia, fibula, patella

Question 4

What are the 3 joints of the knee?

Answer 4

Femoropatellar, femorotibial, superior tibiofibular

Question 5

Which ligament is visible from the FRONT of the knee? Back of the knee? Hint: think of “X” structure.

Answer 5

Front = PCL (posterior)
Back = ACL (anterior)
goes by attachment point to tibia

Question 6

The fibular nerve splits into which two branches?

Answer 6

Superficial & deep

Question 7

______/_______ do not happen in the shank.

Answer 7

Pronation, supination

Question 8

Adduction of foot = _______
Abduction of foot = _________

Answer 8

Inversion, eversion

Question 9

Plantar flexion = ____ into ground
Dorsiflexion = ______ into ground.

Answer 9

Toes, heel.

Question 10

What are the four shank compartments? What tightly coats the shank?

Answer 10

Anterior (dorsiflexors)
Lateral (everters)
Deep posterior, superficial posterior (plantar flexors)
Crural fascia coats shank.

Question 11

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment/function? Which 3 muscles are involved in this compartment

Answer 11

Deep fibular N, ankle dorsiflexion. Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorium longus, extensor hallucis longus.

Question 12

Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment? Function? Which two muscles conduct this function?

Answer 12

Superficial fibular. Ankle eversion & support plantar arches. Fibularis longus & brevis.

Question 13

The superficial AND deep posterior compartment is innervated by the ________ nerve and is responsible for _______ __________.

Answer 13

Tibial, plantar flexion.

Question 14

Which 5 muscles are within the superficial posterior compartment?

Answer 14

Plantaris, popliteus, gastrocnemius, achilles tendon, soleus.

Question 15

Which 3 muscles are within the deep posterior compartment?

Answer 15

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus.

Question 16

Why does foot drop happen during hip dislocation?

Answer 16

Compromised fibular nerve = anterior/lateral compartments can’t dorsiflex.

Question 16

________ are thick fibrous bands that hold tendons in place when they cross the ________ and _______.

Answer 16

Retinacula, wrists, ankle

Question 16

What are the 5 tarsal bones (*excluding meta/phalanges)

Answer 16

Calcaneous, talus, cuboid, nacvicular, cuneiforms

Question 17

What are the three joints of the ankle?

Answer 17

Distal tibiotibular, talocrural, subtalar

Question 18

The distal tibiofibular jt. has tight tibiofibular __________. Which two ligs hold it in place?

Answer 18

Syndesmosis. Ant + post. tibiofibular ligaments.

Question 19

The crural joint is between the ______ _______ and the ______. What does it permit?

Answer 19

Ankle mortise, talus. Permits dorsi and plantar flexion.

Question 20

Which 4 ligaments hold the crural jt. in place?

Answer 20

Posterior + anterior talofibular, deltoid lig, calcaneofibular.

Question 21

Which two sub-joints are involved in the subtalar joints? What do they permit?

Answer 21

Ant = talonavicular complex.
Post = talocalcaneal jt.
Permits = inversion/eversion

Question 22

Which 5 ligs are involved in the subtalar jt?

Answer 22

Ant, post, med, lat, interosseous talocalcaneus.

Question 23

Which joint permits dorsi/plantar flexion?

Answer 23

Talocrural

Question 24

Which three structures support the arches of the foot?

Answer 24

Tibialis posterior, fibularis longus, calcaneonavicular lig

Question 25

What is the insertion point of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosis?

Answer 25

Pes anserinus