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HTHSCI 1D06 > Lecture 7: Optics & Brain > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Optics & Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pneumonic for cranial nerves?

A

Oh oh oh to touch and feel very green velvet, AH!

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2
Q

Name all 12 cranial nerves in order.

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharangeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

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3
Q

Where do cranial nerves I and II lie?

A

On the cortex

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3
Q

What is the pneumonic for sensory, motor, both?

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more

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4
Q

The eye is a part of the ____. The external layers (sclera + ________) are continuous with the _______ _______.

A

CNS, cornea, dura mater

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5
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A

Fibrous, vascular, retina

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6
Q

The fibrous layer contains the _________ and cornea. The vascular layer contains the ______, _______ ________, and the iris. The retina contains the ________, ________, and optic _______.

A

Sclera, choroid, ciliary body, macula, fovera, disc.

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7
Q

The _____ _______ contains cranial nerve II. It is also the site of our _____ spot.

A

Optic disc, blind

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8
Q

What are the name of the 2 fluid-filled chambers of the eye?

A

Vitreous humor, aqueous humor

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9
Q

What are the three muscles that act within the eye?

A

Ciliary, iris (radial, circular)

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10
Q

Constriction of the pupil reduces light ________ and increases _______ _______ for near vision.

A

Intensity, field depth

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11
Q

Dilation _______ light intensity, decreases field depth for _____ vision.

A

Increases, far

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12
Q

Retina is the deepest layer of the ______. It is formed from _______ of cells within the retina. It transmits ______ information to the ______.

A

Tunic, axons, visual, cortex

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13
Q

Rods are used to see ________, cones are used to see _________.

A

Shapes, colors

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14
Q

What is the piece of technology used to look into the eye?

A

Opthalmoscope

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15
Q

What is the taptum?

A

Blue-green reflective layer on eyes of animals, which allows nocturnal animals to see better.

16
Q

What is the macula?

A

3-5mm oval region of retina, surrounds fovea

17
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Central fixation point for each eye, highest visual acuity, 50% of what you see

18
Q

What is the bending of light through the pupil called?

A

Refraction

19
Q

80% of refraction is produced by ________ _________, which is caused by air/water on the _______. 20% is caused by ________, which is dilation of _______.

A

Refractive power, cornea, accommodation, lens.

20
Q

When ciliary muscle is relaxed, what happens?

A

Lens is flattened, zonular fiber is under tension.

21
Q

What happens when the ciliary muscle is contracted?

A

Lens is rounded, zonular fiber is relaxed.

22
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Farsightedness, eyeball is flattened, convex lens.

23
Q

What is myopia?

A

Nearsightedness, eyeball is elongated, concave lens.

24
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Eye is elongated in meridian plane, offset cornea

25
Q

A positive correction power means ___________. A negative correction power means __________.

A

Farsightedness, nearsightedness.

26
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Lens is made of crystalline proteins which aggregates over time.

27
Q

Optic nerve is primary sensory piece for _______. Originates at ______. What happens at optic chiasma?

A

Vision, retina. At optic chiasma, axons cross from medial half of each eye, become tracts. (the X of fields of view)

28
Q

Describe monocular blindness.

A

Blindness in one eye

29
Q

Describe bitemporal hemianopia.

A

Blindness in outsides of fields of vision.

30
Q

Describe homonymous hemianopia.

A

Blindness in one side of eye, on both eyes.

31
Q

Name the 7 steps of vision, starting with retina and ending with cortex.

A

Retina, optic nerve, chiasma, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiation, cortex.

32
Q

Vision aids with _____ rhythm, motor control (_________), visual _____, _______, and ______ position.

A

Circadian, cerebellum, reflexes, alertness, head.

33
Q

What muscle is used for opening the eye? Closing?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris. Orbicularis oculi.

34
Q

What gland produces tears? What is the anatomical name for tear duct?

A

Lacrimal gland. Nasolacrimal gland.

35
Q

What does the saccades to?

A

Necessary to expose fovea to full scene via extraocular muscles.

36
Q

The axis of the ______ is offset from the axis of _______ by 23 degrees.

A

Eyeball, vision

37
Q

The _______ ties function of the two eyes together. This happens through what three muscles/systems?

A

Smooth pursuit, vestibuloocular reflex, saccades.

HTHSCI 1D06 (25 decks)

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