Lecture 10: Motor Tracts Flashcards
Which structures are responsible for linear acceleration?
Utricle/saccule
Which structures are responsible for rotational acceleration?
Semi-circular canals
What is the spinothalamic tract responsible for?
Carrying information about pain
What are the two exogenous pain control options? What do they do?
NSAIDS act peripherally to lock neurons from perceiving pain at site of injury. Opiates act peripherally to limit pain frequency/intensity, and within the CNS to prevent neurotransmission
What is spinal cord gate control?
Endogenous inhibition of pain by touch/proprioception
What is reticular formation activation?
Endogenous form of pain control that inhibits pain signals from release of endorphins & enkaphalins
What are the three portions of the motor system? What do they do?
Corticospinal tract (spends info from brain to body)
Basal ganglia (specific, complex motor sequences)
Cerebellum (modulates motor plans based on sensory inputs)
What is different between a TIA and bell’s palsy?
TIA: one-sided muscle weakness
Bell’s: One-sided muscle paralysis, symptoms localized to face
What are the two neuron systems? What are their responsibilities?
Pyramidal: initiate voluntary movement.
Extrapyramidal: modulate Lower Motor Neuron Activity, involuntary, maintain reflexes, muscle tone, etc.
What is the origin of motor tracts? What are the names of tracts?
Origin: precentral gyrus
Tracts: corticospinal, corticobulbar
Corticospinal tracts take up ___% of upper motor neurons. They are divided into _______ and ________/__________. It has ____________ innervation to body.
85, lateral, anterior/ventral, contralateral (switches sides)
What is the synapse location of the corticobulbar tracts?
Ventral/anterior horn of spinal cord
Corticalbulbar tracts have _______ inervation to the head/______. Its synapse location is the _________ _________ of _____ nerves.
Bilteral, neck, motor nuclei, cranial
Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts are responsible for _______ movement.
Voluntary
Lower motor neurons start in _________, go to _____, and convey ___________.
Brainstem, muscle, information
Name the three structures within the basal ganglia.
caudate nucleus, putamin & globus pallidus
What is included within the striatum?
Caudate and putamen
What is included within the lentiform nucleus?
Putamen & globus pallidus
What are the related midbrain nuclei to the basal ganglia?
Susbtania nigra, subthalamic nucleus
What causes Huntington’s?
Degeneration in striatum = increased movements
What causes Parkinson’s?
Lack of dopamine, difficulties start-stopping movements
Basal ganglia is helpful for what, in comparison to the cerebellum?
Basal ganglia is responsible for low-risk, simple movement. Cerebellum is responsible for higher level movement.
What is the corticopontine tract?
Tract from cortex to pons. Responsible for appendicular control, critical for fine control of hands and limbs.
What is the spinocerebellar tract?
Tract from spinal cord to cortex. Responsible for axial control, takes in proprioception info from joints and muscles, then sent to cerebellum.
Both ______ ______ and ________ ______ go through the thalamus.
Basal ganglia, cerebellar pathways
The ________ ______ acts as an integrating center for some _________.
Spinal cord, reflexes
Reflexes can be ________, _________, ________, ________.
Somatic, autonomic, monosynaptic, polysynaptic
Sensory (_________) and motor (_______) information interface and integrate at the ________ ________.
Afferent, efferent, spinal cord
Reflexes are fast, __________, unplanned sequences of events in response to a ___________.
Involuntary, stimulus
