Lecture 22: Thyroid & Pineal Flashcards
What are permissive hormones?
Hormones that allow changes to occur ex. estrogen & progesterone
What are the 4 tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary? Hint: FLAT
Follicle stimulating
Luteinizing
Adrenocorticotrophic
Thyroid stimulating
Which cells produce the 4 tropic hormones?
Follicle stim = gonadotroph cells
Luteinizing = gonadotroph cells
Adreno = corticotroph cells
Thyroid stim = thyrotroph cells
Where are gonadotropin releasing hormones released? LH and FSH?
Gonadotropin = hypothalamus
LH & FSH = ant. pituitary
Where are sex steroids produced? What do these steroids produce?
Produced in gonads. They produce libido (especially w test), secondary sexual characteristics
What are the 3 non-tropic Ant Pituitary Hormones and what produces them?
hGH = produced by somatotroph
PRL = produced by lactotroph
MSH = …
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone is produced in the __________ and released into the _______. It then travels to the _________ ________ in the ________ _________ system.
Hypothalamus, blood, anterior pituitary, pituitary portal
What happens in reg of GH if low blood glucose? High blood glucose?
Low = GHRH is produced in hypothalamus
High = GHIH is produced in hypothalamus
What effects does growth hormone have?
Bone growth, muscle growth, tissue repair, glycogenolysis
Long bones grow where? What stimulates and closes growth?
Grows @ epiphyseal line/growth plate. Stimulated by GH, closed by test/estrogen
Describe gigantism and acromegaly.
Gigantism = hGH levels rise before epiphyseal lines close.
Acromegaly = hGH levels rise after epiphyseal lines close.
What are the 2 hormones of the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin, ADH.
What releases ADH? What stimulates and inhibits this release?
Released from supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus. Stimulated by osmolarity of blood, low BP, pain. Inhibited by adequate/overhydration of body.
What causes the release of oxytocin? What effects does it have?
Cause = suckling, cuddling.
Effect = uterine contractions, milk ejection.
The endocrine system uses _____ and _____ soluble hormones. What do lipophilic and hydrophilic hormones do?
Lipid and water. Lipophilic alter gene expression, stimulate/inhibit production of certain proteins. Hydrophilic either cause manufacture of messengers or work as transmembrane receptors.
