Lecture Exam Three: Chapter 14

Question 1

Synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function. The synonym is […].

Answer 1

involuntary nervous

Question 2

If you know that a neuron is releasing acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter, you can isolate it to what division of the PNS?

Answer 2

efferent

Question 3

How is it possible that norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction in one location but vasodilation in another?

Answer 3

receptor types differ in these tissues

Question 4

Regulation of heart rate at low normal levels is achieved by the:

Answer 4

parasympathetic division

Question 5

Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the PNS?

Answer 5

1. craniosacral origin
2. long preganglionic fibers
3. ganglia in visceral effector organs

Question 6

Which nerve is not part of the cranial division of the PNS?

Answer 6

1. oculomotor (III)
2. facial (VII)
3. glossopharyngeal (IX)
4. vagus (X)

Question 7

The majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are housed within which cranial nerve?

Answer 7

vagus

Question 8

Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 8

1. thoracolumbar origin
2. short preganglionic
3. ganglia close to the spinal cord

Question 9

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord via the __________ root and pass through the __________ to enter the __________.

Answer 9

ventral root; rami communicates; sympathetic trunk ganglia

Question 10

The sympathetic division is involved in which of the following processes?

Answer 10

all of the above

1. regulating blood pressure
2. increasing glucose metabolism
3. decreasing urinary output

Question 11

In general, sympathetic innervation of visceral organs via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves inhibits the activity of these organs. This is logical because:

Answer 11

sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical bodily activities.

Question 12

The neurotransmitter in the synapse between pre- and postganglionic autonomic neurons is:

Answer 12

acetylcholine

Question 13

The receptor in the synapse between pre- and postganglionic autonomic neurons is:

Answer 13

nicotinic cholinergic

Question 14

The receptor in the synapse between the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron and its effector cell is:

Answer 14

muscarinic cholinergic

Question 15

Predict the outcome of an experiment in which adrenal medulla cells are treated with nicotine?

Answer 15

blood levels of epinephrine and nor increase

Question 16

The adrenal medulla may be considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, but the post-synaptic cells of the adrenal medulla

Answer 16

primarily release epinephrine, rather than nor

Question 17

Asthma patients suffer from attacks in which bronchiole smooth muscle constricts, making it hard to breathe. Albuterol, a common asthma medication, works through which of the following steps?

Answer 17

binds to B2 adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation

Question 18

“Dual innervation” refers to an organ receiving

Answer 18

both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Question 19

Which area of the body receives no innervation by the PNS?

Answer 19

sweat glands

Question 20

At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the __________ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation.

Answer 20

hypothalamus

Question 21

Through the process of __________, seemingly involuntary activities can be voluntarily controlled.

Answer 21

biofeedback

Question 22

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances of the ANS is a life-threatening condition involving uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons?

Answer 22

autonomic dysreflexia

Question 23

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances of the ANS leads to poor blood flow in the fingers and toes?

Answer 23

raynaud’s disease