Lecture Exam Three: Chapter 14 Flashcards
Synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function. The synonym is […].
involuntary nervous
If you know that a neuron is releasing acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter, you can isolate it to what division of the PNS?
efferent
How is it possible that norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction in one location but vasodilation in another?
receptor types differ in these tissues
Regulation of heart rate at low normal levels is achieved by the:
parasympathetic division
Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the PNS?
- craniosacral origin
- long preganglionic fibers
- ganglia in visceral effector organs
Which nerve is not part of the cranial division of the PNS?
- oculomotor (III)
- facial (VII)
- glossopharyngeal (IX)
- vagus (X)
The majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are housed within which cranial nerve?
vagus
Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system?
- thoracolumbar origin
- short preganglionic
- ganglia close to the spinal cord
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord via the __________ root and pass through the __________ to enter the __________.
ventral root; rami communicates; sympathetic trunk ganglia
The sympathetic division is involved in which of the following processes?
all of the above
- regulating blood pressure
- increasing glucose metabolism
- decreasing urinary output
In general, sympathetic innervation of visceral organs via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves inhibits the activity of these organs. This is logical because:
sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical bodily activities.
The neurotransmitter in the synapse between pre- and postganglionic autonomic neurons is:
acetylcholine
The receptor in the synapse between pre- and postganglionic autonomic neurons is:
nicotinic cholinergic
The receptor in the synapse between the postganglionic parasympathetic neuron and its effector cell is:
muscarinic cholinergic
Predict the outcome of an experiment in which adrenal medulla cells are treated with nicotine?
blood levels of epinephrine and nor increase
The adrenal medulla may be considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, but the post-synaptic cells of the adrenal medulla
primarily release epinephrine, rather than nor
Asthma patients suffer from attacks in which bronchiole smooth muscle constricts, making it hard to breathe. Albuterol, a common asthma medication, works through which of the following steps?
binds to B2 adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation
“Dual innervation” refers to an organ receiving
both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Which area of the body receives no innervation by the PNS?
sweat glands
At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the __________ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation.
hypothalamus
Through the process of __________, seemingly involuntary activities can be voluntarily controlled.
biofeedback
Which of the following homeostatic imbalances of the ANS is a life-threatening condition involving uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons?
autonomic dysreflexia
Which of the following homeostatic imbalances of the ANS leads to poor blood flow in the fingers and toes?
raynaud’s disease