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Anatomy > BS: Bone Development > Flashcards

BS: Bone Development Flashcards

1
Q

Bone tissue formation, also known as…

A

osteogenesis/ossification

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2
Q

When does formation of the skeleton begin? When does bone growth stop? When does bone remodeling stop?

A

2 months of development

adulthood (25)

lifelong

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3
Q

Endochondral bone starts from….

A

cartilage

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4
Q

Why is cartilage beneficial for the precursor of endochondral bone?

A

cartilage can accomodate mitosis

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5
Q

Endochondral ossification:

A

bone formation by replacing cartilage

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6
Q

Intramembranous ossification:

A

bone formation from fibrous membrane

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7
Q

T/F– There is more membrane bone that endochondral.

A

false, there is more endochondral

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8
Q

After complete endochondral ossification, where does hyaline cartilage remain?

A

at the articular cartilage point (ends of bone) and the epiphyseal plate

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9
Q

What are the 5 main steps of ossification?

A
  1. bone collar forms around diaphysis
  2. central cartilage in diaphysis calcifies, then develops cavities
  3. periosteal bud (blood vessel) invades cavities, leading to formation of spongy bone
  4. diaphysis elongates, and medullary cavity forms
  5. epiphysis ossify
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10
Q

Most bones formed via intramembranous ossification are […] bones.

A

flat

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11
Q

Our hands came from what fish?

A

lungfish

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12
Q

The lungfish evolved to form the […].

A

greererpeton (ancient lizard)

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13
Q

Interstitial growth causes the bone to grow…

A

lengthwise

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14
Q

Appositional growth causes the bone to increase …

A

thickness

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15
Q

What are the 5 zones within the epiphyseal plate?

A
  1. resting zone
  2. proliferation (growth) zone
  3. hypertrophic zone
  4. calcification zone
  5. ossification
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16
Q

What happens during epiphyseal’s second zone?

A

growth zone– cartilage cells undergo mitosis

17
Q

What happens during epiphyseal’s third zone?

A

hypertrophic zone– older catilage cells enlarge

18
Q

What happens during epiphyseal’s fourth zone?

A

calcification zone– matrix calcifies (deteriorates), cartilage cells die, blood vessels invade

19
Q

Near adolescence, […] divide less often and the […] thins and is replace by […].

A

chondrocytes; epiphyseal line; bone

20
Q

Epiphyseal plate closure occurs when?

A

epiphysis and diaphysis fuse

21
Q

[…] initiate ossification of the bone.

A

osteoblasts

22
Q

Bone deposition adds…

A

a new matrix during bone remodeling

23
Q

How often is spongy and compact bone replace?

A

spongy– 3-4 years

compact– 10 years

24
Q

When there is an imbalance of calcium, what occurs? What cells are called to regain balance?

A

the parathyroid gland release a parathyroid hormone (PTH)

osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca into the blood

25
Q

Sustained high Ca levels can lead to the formation of…

A

kidney stones

26
Q

Hypocalcemia causes…

Hypercalcemia causes…

A

hyperexcitability

non-responsiveness

27
Q

What is the importance of Ca?

A

functions in numerous metabolic activities (muscle contraction and coagulation)

28
Q

Wolf’s law states that bones…

A

grow/remodel in response to demands placed on them

29
Q

Bend of the bone is caused by…

A

off center stress

30
Q

Bending […] one side and […] the other.

A

compresses; stretches

31
Q

Why is bone hollow?

A

compression and tension cancel each other out at the center of the bone

32
Q

Where is the diaphysis is thickest?

A

bending stresses are the greatest

33
Q

Wolfs law can explain…

A
  1. handedness
  2. curved bones = buckling
  3. trabeculae form trusses along lines of stress
  4. weight lifters have thick muscle attachments
  5. fetus and bedridden people are featureless bc no stress
34
Q

Repair involves what 4 stages?

A
  1. hematoma formation
  2. fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  3. bony callus formation
  4. bone remodeling
35
Q

Rickets results in […], soft, […] bones because bone ends are […].

A

bowed; weak; enlarged

36
Q

What is the cause of Rickets?

A

vitamin D deficiency/insufficient dietary of Ca

37
Q

Osteoporosis is a group of diseases in which bone […] exceeds […].

A

resorption; deposit

38
Q

What happens to bone during osteoporosis?

A

matrix is normal BUT mass declines

39
Q

What bones are most susceptible to osteoporosis?

A

spongy bone of spine and neck of femur

Anatomy (31 decks)

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