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Lecture Exam One: Flashcards

1
Q

What are the survival needs?

A
  1. nutrients
  2. oxygen
  3. water
  4. normal body temperature
  5. appropriate atmospheric pressure
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2
Q

At high altitudes where atmospheric pressure is lower, you might expect that oxygen acquisition would […].

A

decrease

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3
Q

Food that is inside your digestive tract is outside of your body.

A

true

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4
Q

What are the 8 requirements for life?

A
  1. maintaining boundaries
  2. movement
  3. responsiveness
  4. digestion
  5. metabolism
  6. excretion
  7. reproduction (cellular)
  8. growth
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5
Q

When the anatomy of a body part is intimately tied to its specific function, scientists call this the principle of […].

A

complementarity

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6
Q

What is the definition of homeostasis?

A

ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

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7
Q

Example of negative feedback mechanism?

A

thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone under the influence of the hormone TSH (release decreases when thyroid hormone levels reach their set point)

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8
Q

Positive feedback examples:

A
  1. nuclear bombs
  2. parturition (birthing)
  3. blood clotting
  4. upstroke of the nerve action potential
  5. LH surge
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9
Q

If someone has broken a leg, he or she has damaged the […] division of the body.

A

appendicular

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10
Q

Which anatomical section divides body vertically into right and left parts?

A

midsagittal

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11
Q

Which anatomical section would you use if you wanted to compare that anatomy of the L/R lung after COVID-19 infection?

A

frontal

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12
Q

Living systems differ from nonliving systems in that…

A

living systems combine simple elements in unique combinations (CHON = 96%)

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13
Q

Which isotopes of hydrogen are radioactive?

A

tritium

** (1p; 2n; 1e)

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14
Q

When atoms of two different elements bind together, they form a(n) […].

A

compound

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15
Q

Which of the following mixture(s) are homogeneous?

A

solutions

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16
Q

Solute particle by increasing size:

A

solution < colloid < suspension

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17
Q

Solute that settles out and scatters light:

A

suspension

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18
Q

Solute that does not settle out but scatters light:

A

colloid

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19
Q

The most important determinant of an atom’s bonding behavior is […].

A

the number of valence shell electrons

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20
Q

Exergonic reactions result in a net […]. An example of this would be […] or […] reactions.

A

release of energy; catabolic; oxidative

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21
Q

Endergonic reactions result in net […]. An example of this would be […] reactions.

A

absorption of energy; anabolic

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22
Q

Most abundant inorganic compound is […].

A

water

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23
Q

What are the properties that allow water to be the most important inorganic compound?

A
  1. high heat capacity
  2. high heat of vaporization
  3. polar solvent properties
  4. reactivity
  5. cushioning
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24
Q

The three major subclasses of lipids include phospholipids, steroids, and […].

A

triglycerides

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25
Q

The most important steroid is […].

A

chloesterol

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26
Q

Linking monomers together is done by […], breaking of those bonds is done by […].

A

dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis

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27
Q

The quaternary level of protein structure involves […].

A

aggregations of polypeptides forming a complex protein

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28
Q

ATP has what 3 types of work?

A
  1. transport (phosphorylates transport proteins)
  2. mechanical (muscle contraction)
  3. chemical (energy absorbing reactions)
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29
Q

Generalized cell have what 3 basic components?

A
  1. plasma membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. nucleus
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30
Q

What stabilizes the membrane while decreasing the fluidity of the membrane?

A

cholesterol

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31
Q

To be viewed under a microscope, tissue must be:

A
  1. fixed
  2. sectioned
  3. stained
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32
Q

List relationships between a tissue and its general function:

A
  1. epithelial– boundary
  2. connective– support
  3. muscle– movement
  4. nervous– control
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33
Q

An area in the body exposed to the external environment would be composed of which of the following tissue types?

A

epithelial

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34
Q

What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. protection
  2. absorption
  3. filtration
  4. excretion
  5. secretion
  6. sensory receptor
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35
Q

What are the 5 distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. polarity
  2. specialized contacts
  3. supported by connective tissues
  4. avascular, but innervated
  5. regeneration
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36
Q

The basal lamina arises from which type of tissue?

A

epithelial

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37
Q

List the type of cartilages:

A
  1. hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibrocartilage
38
Q

Abundant cartilage:

39
Q

Where can you find hyaline cartilage?

A
  1. tips of long bones
  2. nose
  3. trachea
  4. larynx
  5. ribs
40
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

A
  1. ears

2. epiglottis

41
Q

Fibrocartilage can be found…

A

intervertebral discs and knee

42
Q

You would expect to find […] fibers in areas that undergo a lot of stretch and rebound.

43
Q

Which of the following types of cartilage is compressible and resists tension well?

A

fibrocartilage

44
Q

T/F: Cartilage is vascular?

A

false

gets supply of nutrients from perichondrium surrounding

45
Q

Perichondrium gives rise to…

A

chondroblasts and chrondrocytes

46
Q

What secretes the matrix in each type of connective tissue:

A
  1. connective tissue proper = fibroblasts
  2. cartilage = chondroblasts
  3. bone = osteoblasts
  4. blood =
47
Q

T/F: Bone is vascular?

48
Q

Bone is the site for […] formation or hematopoiesis.

A

blood cell

49
Q

Of the four main classes of connective tissue, which has the least solid ground substance?

50
Q

Blood’s matrix:

51
Q

Which of the following undifferentiated cells of connective tissue do not secrete the matrix of the tissue with which they are associated?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

52
Q

Striated muscle:

53
Q

Which muscle cells are spindle shaped?

54
Q

The primary functional cell found in nervous tissue:

55
Q

Which of the following types of membranes is the driest?

56
Q

Which of the following types of membranes line body cavities that are open to the exterior?

57
Q

Which of the following types of membranes cover internal organs like the stomach?

58
Q

Logical sequence of events in wound healing:

A
  1. inflammation
  2. organization
  3. granulation
  4. tissue deposit
  5. regeneration
59
Q

Of the three primary germ layers, which is responsible for developing into nervous tissue?

60
Q

Muscle and connective tissues arise from:

61
Q

Epithelial tissues arise from…

A

all three germ layer

62
Q

Inner lining of the digestive system arise from…

63
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains only dead cells?

A

stratum corneum

64
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is known as the clear layer?

A

stratum lucidum

65
Q

Stratum lucidum can only be found…

A

in thick skin like palms or soles

66
Q

Fingerprints are copies of […].

A

friction ridges

67
Q

The principal tissue found in the reticular layer is […].

A

dense irregular connective tissue

68
Q

Blisters:

A

fluid-filled pockets that separate epidermal and dermal layers

69
Q

The principle role of melanin is to […].

A

shield the nucleus from damage by UV

70
Q

Three pigments that contribute to skin color?

A

carotene, melanin, hemoglobin

71
Q

Which of the following skin colors may indicate anemia?

A

pallor/blanching/pale

72
Q

Which of the following skin colors indicate low oxygen levels?

73
Q

Erythema indicates…

A

fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergy

74
Q

Jaundice indicates…

A

liver disorder

75
Q

Bronzing of the skin indicates…

A

inadequate steroid hormones (Addison’s disease)

76
Q

Function of hair:

A
  1. protect from heat loss
    2, warn of insects
  2. shield skin from sunlight
  3. guards against physical trauma
77
Q

Which regions of your body are not covered by hair?

A
  1. palms
  2. soles
  3. portions of the genitalia
  4. nipples
78
Q

Hair root layer (superficial to deep):

A

cuticle, cortex, medulla

79
Q

A female patient with excessive facial hair growth may have which of the following ailments?

A

excessive secretion of androgens from an adrenal tumor

80
Q

Which of the following would cause hair loss?

A
  1. drugs– antidepressants, blood thinners, steroids, chemotherapeutic
  2. protein-deficient diets
  3. acutely high fever
  4. severe emotional trauma
  5. alopecia areata
81
Q

The white part at the bottom of your finger nail is called the […].

82
Q

The anatomical name for the cuticle is called the […].

A

eponychium

83
Q

There are two main types of sweat glands, eccrine (merocrine) and […].

84
Q

[…] and […] don’t contain sweat glands.

A

external genitalia and nipples

85
Q

Which of the following types of sweat gland secretion is though to deter insects?

A

ceruminous

86
Q

T/F: Sebaceous (oil) glands are relatively inactive until puberty when they are stimulated by hormones (androgens).

87
Q

Oil glands cannot be found in areas of […].

A

thick skin

88
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete […] via […].

A

sebum; holocrine

89
Q

Secretion of sebum is needed for […] and to soften […].

A

bactericidal; hair and skin

90
Q

Sebum provides protection against […].

A

harmful bacteria

91
Q

Cradle cap is also known as […]. It is a skin condition typicall found in […].

A

seborrhea; newborn

92
Q

The skin plays a role in the manufacture of vitamin […].

Anatomy (31 decks)

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