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Lecture Exam One: Flashcards

1
Q

What are the survival needs?

A
  1. nutrients
  2. oxygen
  3. water
  4. normal body temperature
  5. appropriate atmospheric pressure
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2
Q

At high altitudes where atmospheric pressure is lower, you might expect that oxygen acquisition would […].

A

decrease

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3
Q

Food that is inside your digestive tract is outside of your body.

A

true

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4
Q

What are the 8 requirements for life?

A
  1. maintaining boundaries
  2. movement
  3. responsiveness
  4. digestion
  5. metabolism
  6. excretion
  7. reproduction (cellular)
  8. growth
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5
Q

When the anatomy of a body part is intimately tied to its specific function, scientists call this the principle of […].

A

complementarity

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6
Q

What is the definition of homeostasis?

A

ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

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7
Q

Example of negative feedback mechanism?

A

thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone under the influence of the hormone TSH (release decreases when thyroid hormone levels reach their set point)

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8
Q

Positive feedback examples:

A
  1. nuclear bombs
  2. parturition (birthing)
  3. blood clotting
  4. upstroke of the nerve action potential
  5. LH surge
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9
Q

If someone has broken a leg, he or she has damaged the […] division of the body.

A

appendicular

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10
Q

Which anatomical section divides body vertically into right and left parts?

A

midsagittal

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11
Q

Which anatomical section would you use if you wanted to compare that anatomy of the L/R lung after COVID-19 infection?

A

frontal

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12
Q

Living systems differ from nonliving systems in that…

A

living systems combine simple elements in unique combinations (CHON = 96%)

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13
Q

Which isotopes of hydrogen are radioactive?

A

tritium

** (1p; 2n; 1e)

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14
Q

When atoms of two different elements bind together, they form a(n) […].

A

compound

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15
Q

Which of the following mixture(s) are homogeneous?

A

solutions

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16
Q

Solute particle by increasing size:

A

solution < colloid < suspension

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17
Q

Solute that settles out and scatters light:

A

suspension

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18
Q

Solute that does not settle out but scatters light:

A

colloid

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19
Q

The most important determinant of an atom’s bonding behavior is […].

A

the number of valence shell electrons

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20
Q

Exergonic reactions result in a net […]. An example of this would be […] or […] reactions.

A

release of energy; catabolic; oxidative

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21
Q

Endergonic reactions result in net […]. An example of this would be […] reactions.

A

absorption of energy; anabolic

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22
Q

Most abundant inorganic compound is […].

A

water

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23
Q

What are the properties that allow water to be the most important inorganic compound?

A
  1. high heat capacity
  2. high heat of vaporization
  3. polar solvent properties
  4. reactivity
  5. cushioning
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24
Q

The three major subclasses of lipids include phospholipids, steroids, and […].

A

triglycerides

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25
The most important steroid is [...].
chloesterol
26
Linking monomers together is done by [...], breaking of those bonds is done by [...].
dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis
27
The quaternary level of protein structure involves [...].
aggregations of polypeptides forming a complex protein
28
ATP has what 3 types of work?
1. transport (phosphorylates transport proteins) 2. mechanical (muscle contraction) 3. chemical (energy absorbing reactions)
29
Generalized cell have what 3 basic components?
1. plasma membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. nucleus
30
What stabilizes the membrane while decreasing the fluidity of the membrane?
cholesterol
31
To be viewed under a microscope, tissue must be:
1. fixed 2. sectioned 3. stained
32
List relationships between a tissue and its general function:
1. epithelial-- boundary 2. connective-- support 3. muscle-- movement 4. nervous-- control
33
An area in the body exposed to the external environment would be composed of which of the following tissue types?
epithelial
34
What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?
1. protection 2. absorption 3. filtration 4. excretion 5. secretion 6. sensory receptor
35
What are the 5 distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue?
1. polarity 2. specialized contacts 3. supported by connective tissues 4. avascular, but innervated 5. regeneration
36
The basal lamina arises from which type of tissue?
epithelial
37
List the type of cartilages:
1. hyaline 2. elastic 3. fibrocartilage
38
Abundant cartilage:
hyaline
39
Where can you find hyaline cartilage?
1. tips of long bones 2. nose 3. trachea 4. larynx 5. ribs
40
Where can you find elastic cartilage?
1. ears | 2. epiglottis
41
Fibrocartilage can be found...
intervertebral discs and knee
42
You would expect to find [...] fibers in areas that undergo a lot of stretch and rebound.
elastic
43
Which of the following types of cartilage is compressible and resists tension well?
fibrocartilage
44
T/F: Cartilage is vascular?
false gets supply of nutrients from perichondrium surrounding
45
Perichondrium gives rise to...
chondroblasts and chrondrocytes
46
What secretes the matrix in each type of connective tissue:
1. connective tissue proper = fibroblasts 2. cartilage = chondroblasts 3. bone = osteoblasts 4. blood =
47
T/F: Bone is vascular?
true
48
Bone is the site for [...] formation or hematopoiesis.
blood cell
49
Of the four main classes of connective tissue, which has the least solid ground substance?
blood
50
Blood's matrix:
plasma
51
Which of the following undifferentiated cells of connective tissue do not secrete the matrix of the tissue with which they are associated?
hematopoietic stem cells
52
Striated muscle:
skeletal
53
Which muscle cells are spindle shaped?
smooth
54
The primary functional cell found in nervous tissue:
neurons
55
Which of the following types of membranes is the driest?
cutaneous
56
Which of the following types of membranes line body cavities that are open to the exterior?
mucous
57
Which of the following types of membranes cover internal organs like the stomach?
serous
58
Logical sequence of events in wound healing:
1. inflammation 2. organization 3. granulation 4. tissue deposit 5. regeneration
59
Of the three primary germ layers, which is responsible for developing into nervous tissue?
ectoderm
60
Muscle and connective tissues arise from:
mesoderm
61
Epithelial tissues arise from...
all three germ layer
62
Inner lining of the digestive system arise from...
endoderm
63
Which layer of the epidermis contains only dead cells?
stratum corneum
64
Which layer of the epidermis is known as the clear layer?
stratum lucidum
65
Stratum lucidum can only be found...
in thick skin like palms or soles
66
Fingerprints are copies of [...].
friction ridges
67
The principal tissue found in the reticular layer is [...].
dense irregular connective tissue
68
Blisters:
fluid-filled pockets that separate epidermal and dermal layers
69
The principle role of melanin is to [...].
shield the nucleus from damage by UV
70
Three pigments that contribute to skin color?
carotene, melanin, hemoglobin
71
Which of the following skin colors may indicate anemia?
pallor/blanching/pale
72
Which of the following skin colors indicate low oxygen levels?
blue skin
73
Erythema indicates...
fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergy
74
Jaundice indicates...
liver disorder
75
Bronzing of the skin indicates...
inadequate steroid hormones (Addison's disease)
76
Function of hair:
1. protect from heat loss 2, warn of insects 3. shield skin from sunlight 4. guards against physical trauma
77
Which regions of your body are not covered by hair?
1. palms 2. soles 3. portions of the genitalia 4. nipples
78
Hair root layer (superficial to deep):
cuticle, cortex, medulla
79
A female patient with excessive facial hair growth may have which of the following ailments?
excessive secretion of androgens from an adrenal tumor
80
Which of the following would cause hair loss?
1. drugs-- antidepressants, blood thinners, steroids, chemotherapeutic 2. protein-deficient diets 3. acutely high fever 4. severe emotional trauma 5. alopecia areata
81
The white part at the bottom of your finger nail is called the [...].
lunula
82
The anatomical name for the cuticle is called the [...].
eponychium
83
There are two main types of sweat glands, eccrine (merocrine) and [...].
apocrine
84
[...] and [...] don't contain sweat glands.
external genitalia and nipples
85
Which of the following types of sweat gland secretion is though to deter insects?
ceruminous
86
T/F: Sebaceous (oil) glands are relatively inactive until puberty when they are stimulated by hormones (androgens).
true
87
Oil glands cannot be found in areas of [...].
thick skin
88
Sebaceous glands secrete [...] via [...].
sebum; holocrine
89
Secretion of sebum is needed for [...] and to soften [...].
bactericidal; hair and skin
90
Sebum provides protection against [...].
harmful bacteria
91
Cradle cap is also known as [...]. It is a skin condition typicall found in [...].
seborrhea; newborn
92
The skin plays a role in the manufacture of vitamin [...].
D

Anatomy (31 decks)

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