BS: The Gross Structure Flashcards
Bone structure has three levels:
- gross
- microscopic
- chemical
Dense outside layer […] surrounds the inside […].
compact; spongy
Internal to the spongy bone (also known as trabecular bone) lies…
trabeculae– honeycomb of small flat pieces
What is in between trabeculae?
red or yellow marrow
For flat bones […] bone sandwiches […].
spongy; compact
Which bones share a simple pattern?
- short
- irregular
- flat
What are the 4 parts of the simple pattern short/irregular/flat bones?
- sif bones
compact bone covers spongy
spongy contains bone marrow between trabeculae but no defined cavity
bone is covered in and out by connective tissue membranes
joints covered by hyaline cartilage
Thin plates of spongy bone also known as…
diploe
The connective tissue membranes of sif bones?
periosteum (outside) and endosteum (inside)
LB: What is the general structure of long bones?
a shaft, bone ends, and membranes
LB: A tubular […], also known as the shaft, forms the long […] of the bone.
diaphysis; axis
LB: The thick collar of […] bone surrounds a central […] cavity or […] cavity.
compact; medullary; marrow
LB: What are the bone ends?
epiphyses
LB: What forms the epiphyses?
compact bone extension (exterior)
spongy bone (interior)
LB: What covers the surface of the epiphyses?
thin layer of articular/hyaline cartilage
LB: What is the purpose of the articular/hyaline covering?
cushioning during movement and absorbing stress
LB: Between the diaphysis and each epiphysis is an […] line.
epiphyseal
LB: The epiphyseal plate is located…
at the junction of the epiphyseal and diaphysis
LB: The epiphyseal plate ([…] plate), is a disc of […] cartilage that grows during childhood.
growth; hyaline
LB: The flared middle portion of the bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet
metaphysis
LB: Periosteum covers the […] surface EXCEPT the […] surfaces.
external; joint
LB: The periosteum/endosteum has two layers:
fibrous (outer)
osteogenic (inner)
LB: The fibrous outer layer of the periosteum is […] connective tissue.
dense
LB: The inner periosteum layer contains what type of cells?
osteoprogenitor cells (osteogenic)
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
LB: What are the osteoprogenitor cells?
primitive stem cells give rise to most bone cells
LB: Why are broken bones so painful?
The periosteum is richly supplied with nerve fibers and blood vessels
LB: The periosteum also provides […] points for tendons/ligaments.
anchoring
LB: What are perforating fibers? Where can you find them?
bundles of collagen fibers that secure the layer to the bone by extending to the matrix
in the periosteum layer
perforating: pierce/make holes
LB: The endosteum covers […] bone surface both spongy and compact.
internal
LB: What cells are within the endosteum?
the same as the periosteum
What are the main vessels serving the diaphysis?
nutrient artery and nutrient vein