Connective Tissue Flashcards
What are the four main classes?
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
Connective tissue is the most […] and widely […]
abundant; distributed
Besides connecting body parts, what are the other functions (5)?
- binding and supporting
- protecting
- insulating
- storing and reserve fuel
- transporting substances
The embryonic tissue of all connective tissue is…
mesenchyme
The extracellular matrix allows the tissue to bear […], withstand great […], endure […]
bear weight, tension, abuse/trauma
What are the 3 components that make up the CT structure?
- ground substance
- fibers
- cells
What are the 3 components of the ground substance?
- interstitial fluid
- cell adhesion proteins
- proteoglycans
What are proteoglycans? What is an example of a proteoglycan?
protein core where large polysaccharides are attached; also known as GAGs
hyaluronic acid
The more GAG (polysaccharides on protein core) content …
the more viscous
What are the 3 types of CT fibers?
- collagen
- elastic
- reticular
Collagens go from molecules to […] to fibers
fibrils
Which CT fiber is extremely tough and provide high tensile strength?
collagen
Describe elastic fibers:
long thin fibers that form branching networks in the matrix
Which CT fiber allows them to stretch and recoil?
elastic
In what organs can CT elastic fibers be found?
skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls
Describe reticular fibers:
thicker collagen fibers that form a network
Where can CT reticular fibers be found?
abundant where connective tissue is next to other tissue types
What are the 3 immature CT cells?
- fibroblasts
- chondroblasts
- osteoblasts
Fibroblasts in […] (tissue) become […].
connective tissue proper; fibrocytes/mature
Chondroblasts in […] become […]
cartilage; chondrocytes
Osteoblasts in bone become
osteocytes
Bloods immature cell is
hematopoietic stem cell
Connective tissue proper divisions:
- loose
2. dense
What tissues lie in the loose connective tissue category?
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular
What tissues lie in the dense connective tissue category?
- dense regular
- dense irregular
- elastic
Where can you find areolar tissue? What does it form?
widely distributed under epithelial of the body– surrounds capillaries and packages organs
forms lamina propria of mucous membranes
What is the function of areolar tissue?
- wraps and cushions organs
- plays an important role in inflammation
- holds tissue fluid
What types of cells lie in areolar tissue?
fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and WBCs
Where can you find adipose tissue?
subcutaneous layer of skin
under kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen and breast
What is the function of adipose tissue?
- provides reserve food fuel
- insulates against heat loss
- supports and protects organs
Where can you find reticular tissue?
lymphoid organs:
- lymph nodes
- bone marrow
- spleen
What is the function of reticular tissue?
forms a stroma (internal skeleton) that supports other cell types
Where can you find dense regular?
- tendons
2. ligaments
What is the function of dense regular tissue?
- muscle to muscle/bone attachment
2. bone to bone attachment
Dense regular tissue withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in […]. While […] can withstand multiple directions of stress.
one direction; dense irregular
Where can you find dense irregular tissue?
- fibrous capsules of organs/joints
- dermis
- submucosa of digestive tract
What is the function of dense irregular tissue?
provides structural strength
Where can you find elastic tissue?
- large arteries walls
- ligaments of vertebral column
- bronchial tubes walls
What is within the matrix of bloods connective tissue?
plasma (not secreted by the dominant cells hematopoietic)
What is the matrix of bone?
hard/calcified with many collagen fibers and osteocytes
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
Description of skeletal muscle:
long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations
Where can you find cardiac muscle?
the walls of the heart
Description of cardiac muscle:
branching, striated, uninucleated cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions
What are the interdigitate, specialized junctions found within cardiac muscle called?
intercalated discs
Skeletal muscle — […] movement
Cardiac muscle — […] movement
[…] muscle — involuntary movement
voluntary; involuntary; smooth
Smooth muscle description:
sheets of spindle-shaped with no central nuclei, no striations
Where can you find smooth muscle?
mostly in the walls of hollow organs
What are the three epithelium-bound membranes?
- cutaneous
- mucous
- serous
The […] cutaneous membrane covers the […] surface.
dry; body
Mucous membranes line body […] that are […] to the exterior.
cavities; open
What are some examples of mucous membranes?
- mucosa of the nasal cavity
- mucosa of mouth
- esophagus lining
- mucosa of lung bronchi
Serous membranes line body […] that are […] to the exterior.
cavities; closed
What are some examples of where serous membranes can be found?
- parietal/visceral pericardium
- parietal/visceral peritoneum
- parietal/visceral pleura
List the embryonic germ layers:
- endoderm
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
What germ layer develops nervous tissue?
ectoderm
Endoderm develops […] tissue.
digestive
[…] develops muscle and connective tissue.
mesoderm
What germ layer develops epithelium?
all 3 germ layers
