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Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main classes?

A
  1. connective tissue proper
  2. cartilage
  3. bone
  4. blood
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2
Q

Connective tissue is the most […] and widely […]

A

abundant; distributed

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3
Q

Besides connecting body parts, what are the other functions (5)?

A
  1. binding and supporting
  2. protecting
  3. insulating
  4. storing and reserve fuel
  5. transporting substances
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4
Q

The embryonic tissue of all connective tissue is…

A

mesenchyme

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5
Q

The extracellular matrix allows the tissue to bear […], withstand great […], endure […]

A

bear weight, tension, abuse/trauma

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6
Q

What are the 3 components that make up the CT structure?

A
  1. ground substance
  2. fibers
  3. cells
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7
Q

What are the 3 components of the ground substance?

A
  1. interstitial fluid
  2. cell adhesion proteins
  3. proteoglycans
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8
Q

What are proteoglycans? What is an example of a proteoglycan?

A

protein core where large polysaccharides are attached; also known as GAGs

hyaluronic acid

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9
Q

The more GAG (polysaccharides on protein core) content …

A

the more viscous

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of CT fibers?

A
  1. collagen
  2. elastic
  3. reticular
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11
Q

Collagens go from molecules to […] to fibers

A

fibrils

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12
Q

Which CT fiber is extremely tough and provide high tensile strength?

A

collagen

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13
Q

Describe elastic fibers:

A

long thin fibers that form branching networks in the matrix

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14
Q

Which CT fiber allows them to stretch and recoil?

A

elastic

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15
Q

In what organs can CT elastic fibers be found?

A

skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls

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16
Q

Describe reticular fibers:

A

thicker collagen fibers that form a network

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17
Q

Where can CT reticular fibers be found?

A

abundant where connective tissue is next to other tissue types

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18
Q

What are the 3 immature CT cells?

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. chondroblasts
  3. osteoblasts
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19
Q

Fibroblasts in […] (tissue) become […].

A

connective tissue proper; fibrocytes/mature

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20
Q

Chondroblasts in […] become […]

A

cartilage; chondrocytes

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21
Q

Osteoblasts in bone become

A

osteocytes

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22
Q

Bloods immature cell is

A

hematopoietic stem cell

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23
Q

Connective tissue proper divisions:

A
  1. loose

2. dense

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24
Q

What tissues lie in the loose connective tissue category?

A
  1. areolar
  2. adipose
  3. reticular
25
What tissues lie in the dense connective tissue category?
1. dense regular 2. dense irregular 3. elastic
26
Where can you find areolar tissue? What does it form?
widely distributed under epithelial of the body-- surrounds capillaries and packages organs forms lamina propria of mucous membranes
27
What is the function of areolar tissue?
1. wraps and cushions organs 2. plays an important role in inflammation 3. holds tissue fluid
28
What types of cells lie in areolar tissue?
fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and WBCs
29
Where can you find adipose tissue?
subcutaneous layer of skin under kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen and breast
30
What is the function of adipose tissue?
1. provides reserve food fuel 2. insulates against heat loss 3. supports and protects organs
31
Where can you find reticular tissue?
lymphoid organs: 1. lymph nodes 2. bone marrow 3. spleen
32
What is the function of reticular tissue?
forms a stroma (internal skeleton) that supports other cell types
33
Where can you find dense regular?
1. tendons | 2. ligaments
34
What is the function of dense regular tissue?
1. muscle to muscle/bone attachment | 2. bone to bone attachment
35
Dense regular tissue withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in [...]. While [...] can withstand multiple directions of stress.
one direction; dense irregular
36
Where can you find dense irregular tissue?
1. fibrous capsules of organs/joints 2. dermis 3. submucosa of digestive tract
37
What is the function of dense irregular tissue?
provides structural strength
38
Where can you find elastic tissue?
1. large arteries walls 2. ligaments of vertebral column 3. bronchial tubes walls
39
What is within the matrix of bloods connective tissue?
plasma (not secreted by the dominant cells hematopoietic)
40
What is the matrix of bone?
hard/calcified with many collagen fibers and osteocytes
41
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
1. skeletal 2. cardiac 3. smooth
42
Description of skeletal muscle:
long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations
43
Where can you find cardiac muscle?
the walls of the heart
44
Description of cardiac muscle:
branching, striated, uninucleated cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions
45
What are the interdigitate, specialized junctions found within cardiac muscle called?
intercalated discs
46
Skeletal muscle --- [...] movement Cardiac muscle --- [...] movement [...] muscle --- involuntary movement
voluntary; involuntary; smooth
47
Smooth muscle description:
sheets of spindle-shaped with no central nuclei, no striations
48
Where can you find smooth muscle?
mostly in the walls of hollow organs
49
What are the three epithelium-bound membranes?
1. cutaneous 2. mucous 3. serous
50
The [...] cutaneous membrane covers the [...] surface.
dry; body
51
Mucous membranes line body [...] that are [...] to the exterior.
cavities; open
52
What are some examples of mucous membranes?
1. mucosa of the nasal cavity 2. mucosa of mouth 3. esophagus lining 4. mucosa of lung bronchi
53
Serous membranes line body [...] that are [...] to the exterior.
cavities; closed
54
What are some examples of where serous membranes can be found?
1. parietal/visceral pericardium 2. parietal/visceral peritoneum 3. parietal/visceral pleura
55
List the embryonic germ layers:
1. endoderm 2. ectoderm 3. mesoderm
56
What germ layer develops nervous tissue?
ectoderm
57
Endoderm develops [...] tissue.
digestive
58
[...] develops muscle and connective tissue.
mesoderm
59
What germ layer develops epithelium?
all 3 germ layers

Anatomy (31 decks)

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