Lecture Exam One

Question 1

Sodium Potassium Pump: What is the movement of ions?

Answer 1

Na out and K in

Question 2

Cholesterol within the membrane:

Answer 2

stabilizes and decreases fluidity

Question 3

Tasks of the proteins within/on the membrane:

Answer 3

1. transport
2. signal transduction
3. cell to cell recognition
4. intracellular joining
5. enzymatic activity
6. attachment to cytoskeleton and ECM

Question 4

What does the endomembrane consist of?

Answer 4

1. smooth ER
2. rough ER
3. golgi apparatus
4. transport vesicle
5. nuclear envelope
6. secretory vesicle
7. plasma membrane

Question 5

Which is the thinnest of all cytoskeletal elements?

Answer 5

microfilaments

Question 6

[…] contain semi-flexible strands of the protein […].

Answer 6

microfilaments; actin

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is tough, insoluble, ropelike proteins?

Answer 7

intermediate filaments

Question 8

[…] composed of […] fibrils twisted together to build strength.

Answer 8

intermediate filaments; tetramer

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal filament resists pulling forces? How?

Answer 9

intermediate filaments; attached to desmosomes

Question 10

[…], the largest cytoskeletal element, consists of […] tubes composed of protein subunits called […].

Answer 10

microtubules; hollow; tubulins

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element determines the overall shape of cells and distribution of organelles?

Answer 11

microtubules

Question 12

[…] is the cell center. A […] organizing center.

Answer 12

centrosome; microtubule

Question 13

The organizing center, centrosomes, has two things. What are they?

Answer 13

centrioles and granular matrix

Question 14

[…] the basis of cilia and flagella.

Answer 14

centrioles

Question 15

Most cells are […], but skeletal muscle, […], and some liver cells are multinucleate.

Answer 15

uninucleate; bone cells

Question 16

What does chromatin consist of?

Answer 16

1. 30%DNA
2. 60% histone
3. 10% RNA

Question 17

Chromatin arrangement:

Answer 17

nucleosomes (DNA wrapped around histones)

Question 18

Chromosomes are chromatin in […] form.

Answer 18

condensed

Question 19

What are the functions of CAM proteins?

Answer 19

1. anchor cell to ECM or to each other
2. assist in movement
3. attract WBC to injured/infected areas
4. stimulate synthesis/degradation of membrane junctions
5. transmit intracellular signals to direct cell migration, proliferation, and specialization

Question 20

STP: What is the first messenger?

Answer 20

ligand

Question 21

What is the order of the signal transduction pathway (STP)?

Answer 21

1. ligand
2. receptor
3. G protein
4. enzyme
5. 2nd messenger

Question 22

What typically powers STP?

Answer 22

GTP-GDP

Question 23

What are common second messengers?

Answer 23

Calcium and cAMP

Question 24

Cyclic AMP typically activates… which in turn…

Answer 24

kinase enzymes which in turn triggers various metabolic/structural changes

Question 25

Glycocalyx:

Answer 25

functions in cell-cell recognition for immune system to recognize foreigners