Lecture Exam One Flashcards
Sodium Potassium Pump: What is the movement of ions?
Na out and K in
Cholesterol within the membrane:
stabilizes and decreases fluidity
Tasks of the proteins within/on the membrane:
- transport
- signal transduction
- cell to cell recognition
- intracellular joining
- enzymatic activity
- attachment to cytoskeleton and ECM
What does the endomembrane consist of?
- smooth ER
- rough ER
- golgi apparatus
- transport vesicle
- nuclear envelope
- secretory vesicle
- plasma membrane
Which is the thinnest of all cytoskeletal elements?
microfilaments
[…] contain semi-flexible strands of the protein […].
microfilaments; actin
Which cytoskeletal element is tough, insoluble, ropelike proteins?
intermediate filaments
[…] composed of […] fibrils twisted together to build strength.
intermediate filaments; tetramer
Which cytoskeletal filament resists pulling forces? How?
intermediate filaments; attached to desmosomes
[…], the largest cytoskeletal element, consists of […] tubes composed of protein subunits called […].
microtubules; hollow; tubulins
Which cytoskeletal element determines the overall shape of cells and distribution of organelles?
microtubules
[…] is the cell center. A […] organizing center.
centrosome; microtubule
The organizing center, centrosomes, has two things. What are they?
centrioles and granular matrix
[…] the basis of cilia and flagella.
centrioles
Most cells are […], but skeletal muscle, […], and some liver cells are multinucleate.
uninucleate; bone cells
What does chromatin consist of?
- 30%DNA
- 60% histone
- 10% RNA
Chromatin arrangement:
nucleosomes (DNA wrapped around histones)
Chromosomes are chromatin in […] form.
condensed
What are the functions of CAM proteins?
- anchor cell to ECM or to each other
- assist in movement
- attract WBC to injured/infected areas
- stimulate synthesis/degradation of membrane junctions
- transmit intracellular signals to direct cell migration, proliferation, and specialization
STP: What is the first messenger?
ligand
What is the order of the signal transduction pathway (STP)?
- ligand
- receptor
- G protein
- enzyme
- 2nd messenger
What typically powers STP?
GTP-GDP
What are common second messengers?
Calcium and cAMP
Cyclic AMP typically activates… which in turn…
kinase enzymes which in turn triggers various metabolic/structural changes