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anatomy > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue has two forms:

A
  1. covering and lining epithelium

2. glandular

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2
Q

ET covers

A

walls/organs of the closed ventral body cavity

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3
Q

ET lines

A

cavities

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4
Q

ET lining/covering examples:

A

digestive, urogenital, respiratory

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5
Q

ET glandular tissue:

A

fashions the glands of the body

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6
Q

What are the functions of the ET boundary (6)?

A
  1. protection
  2. absorption
  3. filtration
  4. excretion
  5. secretion
  6. sensory receptor
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7
Q

What are the special characteristics of Epithelium (5)?

A
  1. polarity
  2. specialized contacts
  3. supported by connective tissue
  4. avascular but innervated
  5. regeneration
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8
Q

Classification– What does the first and second name indicate about the ET layer?

A

first name indicates the number of cell layers

second layer describes the shape of the cell

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9
Q

What are the two first names for ET?

A

either simple (single layer) or stratified (multiple layers)

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10
Q

Function of simple ET?

A

the thin layer is mostly for secretion, filtration, and absorption

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11
Q

Function of stratified ET (provide example)?

A

common in areas of high abrasion where protection is needed

ex: skin surface and lining of mouth

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12
Q

Squamous ET description:

A

flattened and scale like

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13
Q

Simple squamous ET has what two coverings?

A

an inner covering: endothelium

a mid covering: mesothelium

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14
Q

Purpose of ET endothelium:

A

the inner covering provides a slick, friction-reducing lining

ex: blood vessels and heart

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15
Q

What is the purpose of ET mesothelium (provide where it is most commonly found)?

A

the mid covering lines ventral body and covers organs

ex: found in serous membranes

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16
Q

Simple cuboidal description:

A

the cells are box like and are as tall as they are wide

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17
Q

Function of simple cuboidal (provide example):

A

secretion and absorption

ex: kidney tubules, wall of small glands, and ovary surface

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18
Q

Simple columnar description:

A

the cells are a tall layer that is closely packed

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19
Q

Function of simple columnar:

A

absorption and secretion (mainly of enzymes and mucus)

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20
Q

Where can you find simple columnar (both nonciliated and ciliated)?

A

NONCILIATED: digestive tract, gallbladder, glands

CILIATED: small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

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21
Q

What is a pseudostratified columnar layer?

A

they vary in height, giving the impression of multiple layers

ex: trachea

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22
Q

How do you classify stratified layers?

A

distinguish the top layer aka the apical layer

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23
Q

The top of the layer is called the apical layer, the bottom layer is known as

A

the basal layer that holds basement cells

24
Q

Dead cells are at which point of the stratified layer?

A

the apical layer

25
Q

Newly regenerated cells are found…

A

at the basal layer

26
Q

Stratified squamous description:

A

the free surfaces (apical layer) is squamous, while the remaining layers are cuboidal or columnar

27
Q

Where can stratified squamous layers be found?

A

places subjected to wear and tear

28
Q

Where can stratified cuboidal layers be found?

A

RARE– found in mostly ducts or large glands (mammary glands and sweat glands)

29
Q

Where can columnar stratified be found?

A

LIMITED– found at transition areas or junctions between two other types of epithelia

ex: pharynx, male urethra, lining of glands

30
Q

Stratified columnar description:

A

the free surface (apical layer) is columnar, they remaining layers are cuboidal

31
Q

Transitional epithelium description:

A

apical cells are dome-shaped or squamous like, resembles stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar

cells overlap for the purpose of stretching

32
Q

Function of transitional epithelium:

A

for areas that need to readily stretch

ex: urinary organs (uterus, bladder, urethra)

33
Q

Gland consists of one of more cells that…

A

make and secrete a particular product

34
Q

Secretion description:

A

an aqueous fluid that contains proteins

* can also be lipid/steroid rich

35
Q

Secretion definition:

A

an active process where glandular cells obtain substances from the blood and chemically transform and discharge the product

36
Q

Glands are either internal or external also known as…

A

endocrine and exocrine respectively

37
Q

How are glands classified (2)?

A
  1. whether internal/external

2. number of cells– multicellular or unicellular

38
Q

Where are unicellular glands?

A

scattered within epithelial sheets

39
Q

How are multicellular glands formed?

A

invagination: inward growth of epithelial sheet into underlying connective tissue

40
Q

Endocrine glands are ductless and produce…

A

hormones

41
Q

Exocrine glands […] products onto […] or into […].

A

secrete; body surfaces (skin); cavities

42
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete

A

directly

43
Q

How do multicellular exocrine glands secrete?

A

via epithelium– walled duct

44
Q

What are two types of unicellular exocrine glands? What is the one thing they ALL produce?

A
  1. mucous
  2. goblet cells

produce mucin

45
Q

What is the mucin produced by mucous and goblet cells?

A

a complex glycoprotein that dissolves H2O when secreted

this forms mucous

46
Q

Where can mucous and goblet cells be found?

A

along epithelial linings of intestinal and respiratory

47
Q

What two parts make up the multicellular exocrine glands?

A
  1. duct

2. secretory unit (acinus)

48
Q

What is a secretory unit?

A

secretes substance

49
Q

Multicellular glands can be classified as either simple or compound. What’s the difference?

A

simple– unbranched duct

compound– branched duct

50
Q

What are the 3 modes of secretion?

A
  1. merocrine
  2. holocrine
  3. apocrine
51
Q

Pancreas, sweat glands, and salivary glands are what type of glands? What is their mode of secretion?

A

multicellular exocrine glands

merocrine

52
Q

Oil glands are what type of glands? What is their mode of secretion?

A

multicellular exocrine glands

holocrine

53
Q

Describe merocrine:

A

they secrete by exocytosis as they are produced

“merely secrete”

54
Q

Describe holocrine:

A

accumulate products till they rupture

“die for their cause”

55
Q

Describe apocrine:

A

ANIMALS ONLY: accumulate till filled; apical surface pinches off

anatomy (31 decks)

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