Lecture Exam 5- Ch. 27 Flashcards
1
Q
- produces, stores, nourishes, & transports gametes
- Has no homeostatic role
A
Reproductive system
2
Q
___ produce sperm
A
testes
3
Q
____ produce oocytes
A
ovaries
4
Q
Testes/ovaries that produce gametes & hormones
A
Gonads
5
Q
Ducts that receive, store, and transport gametes
A
reproductive tract
6
Q
secrete fluids
(what gland?)
A
accessory glands
7
Q
Perineal structures
A
external genitalia
8
Q
____ houses:
- testis
- epididymis
A
scrotum
9
Q
carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
A
ductus deferens
10
Q
a tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
A
Urethra
11
Q
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral gland
A
Glands of the male reproductive system
12
Q
Dual chambers that house testes
A
Scrotum
13
Q
cremaster muscle: ___ muscle
A
skeletal muscle
14
Q
Contraction of the cremaster muscle tenses the scrotal sac & pulls it ____ to the body
A
closer (the testis)
15
Q
cremaster muscle is responsible for what kind of regulation of the testes
A
thermoregulation
16
Q
connective tissue; surrounds testes
A
Tunica albuginea
17
Q
All testes-associated connections
- pass via the inguinal canal to the peritoneal cavity
A
spermatic cord
18
Q
- Ductus deferens
- nerves
- lymphatic tissues
- cremaster muscles
A
spermatic cords
19
Q
blood vessels:
______ cools blood in arteries heading to testes via countercurrent heat exchange
A
Pampiniform plexus
20
Q
Whats A
A
seminal gland
21
Q
whats B
A
prostate
22
Q
whats C
A
bulbourethral gland
23
Q
whats D
A
ductus deferens
24
Q
whats E
A
epididymis
25
whats F
testis
26
whats A
spermatic cord
27
whats B
cremaster within cremasteric fascia
28
whats C
dartos muscle
29
whats D
inguinal canal
30
whats A
ductus deferens
31
whats B
epididymis
32
whats C
tunica vaginalis
33
whats D
tunica albuginea
34
whats E
rete testis
35
whats A
spermatic cord
36
whats B
ductus deferens
37
whats F
seminiferous tubule
38
whats G
tunica albuginea covering testis
39
whats I
head
40
whats J
body
41
whats K
tail
42
whats L
epididymis
43
- Simulates spermatogenesis
- promotes sperm maturation
- maintains accessory organs
- develops secondary sex characteristics (facial hair, etc.)
- stimulates growth & metabolism
- stimulates sexual behavior & sexual drive
Testosterone
44
Space between coils of seminiferous tubules
Interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig)
45
Testosterone is produced due to
luteinizing hormone
46
whats A
spermatids completing spermatogenesis
47
whats B
interstitial endocrine cells
48
whats C
spermatids beginning spermiogenesis
49
whats D
secondary spermatocyte
50
whats E
primary spermatocyte preparing for meiosis 1
51
whats F
nurse cells
52
whats G
spermatogonium
53
whats H
basal compartment
54
formation of sperm cells; spermatids
spermatogenesis
55
Spermatids mature to form physically ____ sperm cells
mature
56
During spermiogenesis, spermatids are embedded in what cells
nurse cells (Sertoli cells)
57
Upon maturation, sperm cells enter what?
lumen of seminiferous tubules
58
Prevent autoimmune destruction of sperm cells
maintenance of blood testis barrier
59
The process by which haploid round spermatids complete an extraordinary series of events to become streamlined spermatozoa capable of motility.
spermiogenesis
60
- maintenance of blood-testis barrier
- sperm is haploid
nurse cells
61
What stimulates nurse cells (2 things)
FSH and testosterone
62
What do nurse cells support
spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
63
A hormone that controls the rate of sperm formation
(secretion of) inhibin
64
2 hormones produced by pituitary gland
1) LH (interstitial cells)
2) FSH (antigen-binding proteins & nurse cells)
65
Life long process initiated at puberty
spermatogenesis
66
male gamete
sperm
67
23 chromosomes
haploid
68
tail of sperm
flagella
69
mitochondria & centrioles
middle piece (of sperm)
70
- chromosomes
- acrosome
head of sperm
71
filled with enzymes used in fertilization
Acrosome
72
- Seminal gland
- prostrate gland
- bulbourethral gland
Accessory glands of the male reproductive system
73
receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts
Head of Epididymis
74
coiled tubes pass through
Body of Epididymis
75
Tubes begin to uncoil to become a single tube ductus deferens
Tail of Epididymis
76
The Epididymis is the recycling center for
damaged or old spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)
77
The Epididymis stores the spermatozoa for
further maturation
78
How long does it take spermatozoa to pass through the epididymis
2 weeks
79
Mature sperm are not motile until they undergo
capacitation (activation)
80
"activates" sperm, enables their motility & ability to fertilize an egg; happens outside epididymis
capacitation
81
sperm cells become motile when mixed with secretions from ____; "activated"
seminal glands
82
When do sperm cells become capable of fertilization?
when exposed to female reproductive tract
83
Before entering prostate gland, ductus deferens expands into
ampulla
84
The ampulla joins the excretory duct of the seminal gland to become the _____.
ejaculatory gland
85
Ejaculatory duct empties into ____
prostatic urethra
86
products of accessory glands (of male reproductive tract)
seminal fluid
87
- sperm
- seminal fluid
semen
88
seminal glands consist of a high concentration of ____
fructose
89
suppress the female immune response
Prostaglandins
90
help semen initially stay in vagina
Clotting factors
91
Seminal fluids will enable sperm to become
motile
92
prostatic fluid secreted into ____
prostatic urethra
93
prostatic fluid contains enzymes that breakup sperm coagulation in the vagina to allow ________
sperm motility
94
antibiotic proteins
seminalplasmin
95
prostatic fluid is ___
weakly acidic
96
Paired glands located at base of penis
bulbourethral glands
97
Bulbourethral glands contents empty into
spongy urethra
98
Bulbo-urethral glands: secretions consist of thick, sticky, ________
alkaline mucus
99
Secretions neutralize urinary acids that are remaining in urethra & ____
acidity of vagina
100
Attaches base of penis to rami of ischia
Root of penis
101
consists of erectile tissue
body (shaft) of penis
102
Stretchy sponge-like tissue that engorges with blood to increase in size and become rigid
Erectile tissue
103
- expanded distal end of the penis
- surrounds external urethral orifice
- covered by prepuce (foreskin)
glans penis
104
Urethra passes through this portion
One anterior corpus spongiosum
105
- parasympathetic nerves are activated
- smooth muscles in the arterial wall relax
- arterial vessels dilate & vascular channels within erectile tissue fill with blood
erection of penis
106
Whats B
seminal gland
107
Whats C
prostate
108
Whats D
prostatic urethra
109
Whats F
bulb of penis
110
Whats M
trigone of the urinary bladder
111
Whats N
ductus deferens
112
Whats P
bulbo-urethral gland
113
Whats J
spongy urethra
114
Whats A
dorsal artery (red)
vein (blue)
nerve (yellow)
115
Whats B
corpora cavernosa
116
Whats C
spongy urethra
117
Whats D
corpus spongiosum
118
Semen release and ejaculation is what type of activity
Sympathetic
119
Sperm mixed with semen by peristaltic actions of smooth muscle in:
- ductus deferens
- seminal glands
- prostate
- bulbourethral glands (pre-ejaculatory fluid that can have sperm in)
Emission
120
Power contractions of skeletal muscles push semen toward external urethral orifice
Ejaculation
121
Smooth muscles in the arterial wall relax and arterial vessels dilate and vascular channels within erectile tissue fill with blood
erection (what happens)
122
When are the parasympathetic nerves active within the nervous system?
when the penis becomes erect
123
- ovaries
- Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)- (fimbriae)
- uterus (cervix)
- vagina
- external genitalia
Parts of the female reproductive system
124
- clitoris
- labia minora/majora
- breasts
Examples of external genitalia
125
Encloses ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
- mesosalpinx
- mesovarium
broad ligament
126
Whats 1
ovarian follicle
127
whats 2
urethral glands
128
whats 3
greater vestibular gland
129
whats 4
ovary
130
whats 5
uterine tube
131
whats 6
uterus
132
whats 7
perimetrium
133
whats 8
myometrium
134
whats 9
endometrium
135
whats 11
cervix
136
whats 12
vagina
137
whats 13
labium minus
138
whats 14
labium majus
139
whats 15
clitoris
140
whats A
fimbriae
141
whats B
infundibulum
142
whats C
ampulla
143
whats D
isthmus
144
whats E
uterine part
145
whats O
uterine tube
146
whats F
fundus of uterus
147
whats P
suspensory ligament of ovary
148
whats Q
mesovarium
149
whats R
ovarian ligament
150
whats Y
broad ligament
151
whats T
cervix
152
whats G
perimetrium
153
whats H
myometrium
154
whats I
endometrium
155
whats L
cervical canal
156
whats M
external os (external orifice)
157
whats V
uterine cavity
158
Where gametes & hormones produced; ovarian follicles
Cortex
159
nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
medulla
160
connective tissue covering
tunica albuginea
161
attaches to uterine tube
Mesosalpinx
162
supports each ovary
Mesovarium
163
production of female gametes
oogenesis
164
Monthly development of ovarian follicles
Ovarian cycle
165
Monthly preparation of uterus for implantation of fertilized embryo
Uterine cycle
166
When is # of primordial follicles set
before birth
167
Puberty sets off the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle due to increase ___
follicle-stimulating hormone
168
develop into primary ovarian follicles
Primordial follicles
169
Primordial follicle cells divide to create multiple layers of granulosa cells that surround ____
primary oocyte
170
Adjacent stromal cells become_________ which surround granulosa cells
Thecal endocrine cells
171
Granulosa and thecal cells release ___
estrogens
172
Dominant estrogen is ___
estradiol
173
- Stimulates bone & muscle growth
- maintains female secondary sex characteristics
- affects sex-related behaviors & drives
- maintains the function of reproductive glands & organs
- initiates repair and growth of the uterine lining
Estrogen functions
174
develop to form secondary ovarian follicles
Primary ovarian follicles
175
Secondary follicles enlarged due to fluid production. (antrum)
tertiary follicles
176
Primary oocyte undergoes _______ to become a secondary oocyte (haploid)
meiosis I
177
Release of a secondary oocyte from tertiary follicle and ovary
Ovulation
178
Causes a weakening in the follicular wall
Luteinizing hormone
179
The released secondary oocyte is guided by ____ into antrum uterine tube
fimbriae
180
Fertilization occurs in uterine tube if sperm reaches
oocyte
181
After ovulation empty follicle is called a corpus luteum
luteal phase
182
cells of the corpus luteum produce ____
progesterone
183
used to prepare body for pregnancy ___
progesterone
184
If pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum decomposes (~ 12 days after ovulation) and becomes ___
corpus albicans
185
What happens if no zygote implantation occurs
Corpus luteum degrades
186
Decline in progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin starts
new cycle
187
Hollow tube, lined with smooth muscle
uterine tubes
188
drapes ovary to catch oocyte
fimbriae
189
lined with cilia to move oocyte along
Infundibulum
190
typical site of fertilization
Ampulla
191
connection to uterus
Isthmus
192
Opens to uterus
uterine part
193
How long is it from infundibulum to uterus
3-4 days
194
When should fertilization occur
first 24 hours of ovulation
195
whats A
primordial follicles
196
whats B
PRIMARY FOLLICLE
197
Whats C
secondary follicle
198
Whats D
tertiary follicle
199
Whats E
released secondary oocyte
200
Whats F
CORPUS LUTEUM
201
Whats G
corpus Albicans
202
Whats A
ureter
203
Whats B
ductus deferens
204
Whats C
seminal gland
205
Whats D
ampulla (of ductus deferens)
206
Whats F
ejaculatory duct
207
Whats G
prostate
208
Whats H
prostatic urethra
209
Whats I
bulbourethral glands
