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ANATOMY > Lecture Exam 5- Ch. 27 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 5- Ch. 27 Flashcards

1
Q
  • produces, stores, nourishes, & transports gametes
  • Has no homeostatic role
A

Reproductive system

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2
Q

___ produce sperm

A

testes

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3
Q

____ produce oocytes

A

ovaries

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4
Q

Testes/ovaries that produce gametes & hormones

A

Gonads

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5
Q

Ducts that receive, store, and transport gametes

A

reproductive tract

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6
Q

secrete fluids

(what gland?)

A

accessory glands

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7
Q

Perineal structures

A

external genitalia

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8
Q

____ houses:
- testis
- epididymis

A

scrotum

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9
Q

carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

A

ductus deferens

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10
Q

a tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

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11
Q
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral gland
A

Glands of the male reproductive system

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12
Q

Dual chambers that house testes

A

Scrotum

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13
Q

cremaster muscle: ___ muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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14
Q

Contraction of the cremaster muscle tenses the scrotal sac & pulls it ____ to the body

A

closer (the testis)

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15
Q

cremaster muscle is responsible for what kind of regulation of the testes

A

thermoregulation

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16
Q

connective tissue; surrounds testes

A

Tunica albuginea

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17
Q

All testes-associated connections
- pass via the inguinal canal to the peritoneal cavity

A

spermatic cord

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18
Q
  • Ductus deferens
  • nerves
  • lymphatic tissues
  • cremaster muscles
A

spermatic cords

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19
Q

blood vessels:

______ cools blood in arteries heading to testes via countercurrent heat exchange

A

Pampiniform plexus

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20
Q

Whats A

A

seminal gland

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21
Q

whats B

A

prostate

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22
Q

whats C

A

bulbourethral gland

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23
Q

whats D

A

ductus deferens

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24
Q

whats E

A

epididymis

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25
Q

whats F

A

testis

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26
Q

whats A

A

spermatic cord

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27
Q

whats B

A

cremaster within cremasteric fascia

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28
Q

whats C

A

dartos muscle

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29
Q

whats D

A

inguinal canal

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30
Q

whats A

A

ductus deferens

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31
Q

whats B

A

epididymis

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32
Q

whats C

A

tunica vaginalis

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33
Q

whats D

A

tunica albuginea

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34
Q

whats E

A

rete testis

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35
Q

whats A

A

spermatic cord

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36
Q

whats B

A

ductus deferens

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37
Q

whats F

A

seminiferous tubule

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38
Q

whats G

A

tunica albuginea covering testis

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39
Q

whats I

A

head

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40
Q

whats J

A

body

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41
Q

whats K

A

tail

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42
Q

whats L

A

epididymis

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43
Q
  • Simulates spermatogenesis
  • promotes sperm maturation
  • maintains accessory organs
  • develops secondary sex characteristics (facial hair, etc.)
  • stimulates growth & metabolism
  • stimulates sexual behavior & sexual drive
A

Testosterone

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44
Q

Space between coils of seminiferous tubules

A

Interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig)

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45
Q

Testosterone is produced due to

A

luteinizing hormone

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46
Q

whats A

A

spermatids completing spermatogenesis

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47
Q

whats B

A

interstitial endocrine cells

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48
Q

whats C

A

spermatids beginning spermiogenesis

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49
Q

whats D

A

secondary spermatocyte

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50
Q

whats E

A

primary spermatocyte preparing for meiosis 1

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51
Q

whats F

A

nurse cells

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52
Q

whats G

A

spermatogonium

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53
Q

whats H

A

basal compartment

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54
Q

formation of sperm cells; spermatids

A

spermatogenesis

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55
Q

Spermatids mature to form physically ____ sperm cells

A

mature

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56
Q

During spermiogenesis, spermatids are embedded in what cells

A

nurse cells (Sertoli cells)

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57
Q

Upon maturation, sperm cells enter what?

A

lumen of seminiferous tubules

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58
Q

Prevent autoimmune destruction of sperm cells

A

maintenance of blood testis barrier

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59
Q

The process by which haploid round spermatids complete an extraordinary series of events to become streamlined spermatozoa capable of motility.

A

spermiogenesis

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60
Q
  • maintenance of blood-testis barrier
  • sperm is haploid
A

nurse cells

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61
Q

What stimulates nurse cells (2 things)

A

FSH and testosterone

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62
Q

What do nurse cells support

A

spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

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63
Q

A hormone that controls the rate of sperm formation

A

(secretion of) inhibin

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64
Q

2 hormones produced by pituitary gland

A

1) LH (interstitial cells)
2) FSH (antigen-binding proteins & nurse cells)

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65
Q

Life long process initiated at puberty

A

spermatogenesis

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66
Q

male gamete

A

sperm

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67
Q

23 chromosomes

A

haploid

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68
Q

tail of sperm

A

flagella

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69
Q

mitochondria & centrioles

A

middle piece (of sperm)

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70
Q
  • chromosomes
  • acrosome
A

head of sperm

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71
Q

filled with enzymes used in fertilization

A

Acrosome

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72
Q
  • Seminal gland
  • prostrate gland
  • bulbourethral gland
A

Accessory glands of the male reproductive system

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73
Q

receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts

A

Head of Epididymis

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74
Q

coiled tubes pass through

A

Body of Epididymis

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75
Q

Tubes begin to uncoil to become a single tube ductus deferens

A

Tail of Epididymis

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76
Q

The Epididymis is the recycling center for

A

damaged or old spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)

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77
Q

The Epididymis stores the spermatozoa for

A

further maturation

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78
Q

How long does it take spermatozoa to pass through the epididymis

A

2 weeks

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79
Q

Mature sperm are not motile until they undergo

A

capacitation (activation)

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80
Q

“activates” sperm, enables their motility & ability to fertilize an egg; happens outside epididymis

A

capacitation

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81
Q

sperm cells become motile when mixed with secretions from ____; “activated”

A

seminal glands

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82
Q

When do sperm cells become capable of fertilization?

A

when exposed to female reproductive tract

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83
Q

Before entering prostate gland, ductus deferens expands into

A

ampulla

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84
Q

The ampulla joins the excretory duct of the seminal gland to become the _____.

A

ejaculatory gland

85
Q

Ejaculatory duct empties into ____

A

prostatic urethra

86
Q

products of accessory glands (of male reproductive tract)

A

seminal fluid

87
Q
  • sperm
  • seminal fluid
A

semen

88
Q

seminal glands consist of a high concentration of ____

A

fructose

89
Q

suppress the female immune response

A

Prostaglandins

90
Q

help semen initially stay in vagina

A

Clotting factors

91
Q

Seminal fluids will enable sperm to become

A

motile

92
Q

prostatic fluid secreted into ____

A

prostatic urethra

93
Q

prostatic fluid contains enzymes that breakup sperm coagulation in the vagina to allow ________

A

sperm motility

94
Q

antibiotic proteins

A

seminalplasmin

95
Q

prostatic fluid is ___

A

weakly acidic

96
Q

Paired glands located at base of penis

A

bulbourethral glands

97
Q

Bulbourethral glands contents empty into

A

spongy urethra

98
Q

Bulbo-urethral glands: secretions consist of thick, sticky, ________

A

alkaline mucus

99
Q

Secretions neutralize urinary acids that are remaining in urethra & ____

A

acidity of vagina

100
Q

Attaches base of penis to rami of ischia

A

Root of penis

101
Q

consists of erectile tissue

A

body (shaft) of penis

102
Q

Stretchy sponge-like tissue that engorges with blood to increase in size and become rigid

A

Erectile tissue

103
Q
  • expanded distal end of the penis
  • surrounds external urethral orifice
  • covered by prepuce (foreskin)
A

glans penis

104
Q

Urethra passes through this portion

A

One anterior corpus spongiosum

105
Q
  • parasympathetic nerves are activated
  • smooth muscles in the arterial wall relax
  • arterial vessels dilate & vascular channels within erectile tissue fill with blood
A

erection of penis

106
Q

Whats B

A

seminal gland

107
Q

Whats C

A

prostate

108
Q

Whats D

A

prostatic urethra

109
Q

Whats F

A

bulb of penis

110
Q

Whats M

A

trigone of the urinary bladder

111
Q

Whats N

A

ductus deferens

112
Q

Whats P

A

bulbo-urethral gland

113
Q

Whats J

A

spongy urethra

114
Q

Whats A

A

dorsal artery (red)
vein (blue)
nerve (yellow)

115
Q

Whats B

A

corpora cavernosa

116
Q

Whats C

A

spongy urethra

117
Q

Whats D

A

corpus spongiosum

118
Q

Semen release and ejaculation is what type of activity

A

Sympathetic

119
Q

Sperm mixed with semen by peristaltic actions of smooth muscle in:
- ductus deferens
- seminal glands
- prostate
- bulbourethral glands (pre-ejaculatory fluid that can have sperm in)

A

Emission

120
Q

Power contractions of skeletal muscles push semen toward external urethral orifice

A

Ejaculation

121
Q

Smooth muscles in the arterial wall relax and arterial vessels dilate and vascular channels within erectile tissue fill with blood

A

erection (what happens)

122
Q

When are the parasympathetic nerves active within the nervous system?

A

when the penis becomes erect

123
Q
  • ovaries
  • Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)- (fimbriae)
  • uterus (cervix)
  • vagina
  • external genitalia
A

Parts of the female reproductive system

124
Q
  • clitoris
  • labia minora/majora
  • breasts
A

Examples of external genitalia

125
Q

Encloses ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
- mesosalpinx
- mesovarium

A

broad ligament

126
Q

Whats 1

A

ovarian follicle

127
Q

whats 2

A

urethral glands

128
Q

whats 3

A

greater vestibular gland

129
Q

whats 4

A

ovary

130
Q

whats 5

A

uterine tube

131
Q

whats 6

A

uterus

132
Q

whats 7

A

perimetrium

133
Q

whats 8

A

myometrium

134
Q

whats 9

A

endometrium

135
Q

whats 11

A

cervix

136
Q

whats 12

A

vagina

137
Q

whats 13

A

labium minus

138
Q

whats 14

A

labium majus

139
Q

whats 15

A

clitoris

140
Q

whats A

A

fimbriae

141
Q

whats B

A

infundibulum

142
Q

whats C

A

ampulla

143
Q

whats D

A

isthmus

144
Q

whats E

A

uterine part

145
Q

whats O

A

uterine tube

146
Q

whats F

A

fundus of uterus

147
Q

whats P

A

suspensory ligament of ovary

148
Q

whats Q

A

mesovarium

149
Q

whats R

A

ovarian ligament

150
Q

whats Y

A

broad ligament

151
Q

whats T

A

cervix

152
Q

whats G

A

perimetrium

153
Q

whats H

A

myometrium

154
Q

whats I

A

endometrium

155
Q

whats L

A

cervical canal

156
Q

whats M

A

external os (external orifice)

157
Q

whats V

A

uterine cavity

158
Q

Where gametes & hormones produced; ovarian follicles

A

Cortex

159
Q

nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

A

medulla

160
Q

connective tissue covering

A

tunica albuginea

161
Q

attaches to uterine tube

A

Mesosalpinx

162
Q

supports each ovary

A

Mesovarium

163
Q

production of female gametes

A

oogenesis

164
Q

Monthly development of ovarian follicles

A

Ovarian cycle

165
Q

Monthly preparation of uterus for implantation of fertilized embryo

A

Uterine cycle

166
Q

When is # of primordial follicles set

A

before birth

167
Q

Puberty sets off the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle due to increase ___

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

168
Q

develop into primary ovarian follicles

A

Primordial follicles

169
Q

Primordial follicle cells divide to create multiple layers of granulosa cells that surround ____

A

primary oocyte

170
Q

Adjacent stromal cells become_________ which surround granulosa cells

A

Thecal endocrine cells

171
Q

Granulosa and thecal cells release ___

A

estrogens

172
Q

Dominant estrogen is ___

A

estradiol

173
Q
  • Stimulates bone & muscle growth
  • maintains female secondary sex characteristics
  • affects sex-related behaviors & drives
  • maintains the function of reproductive glands & organs
  • initiates repair and growth of the uterine lining
A

Estrogen functions

174
Q

develop to form secondary ovarian follicles

A

Primary ovarian follicles

175
Q

Secondary follicles enlarged due to fluid production. (antrum)

A

tertiary follicles

176
Q

Primary oocyte undergoes _______ to become a secondary oocyte (haploid)

A

meiosis I

177
Q

Release of a secondary oocyte from tertiary follicle and ovary

A

Ovulation

178
Q

Causes a weakening in the follicular wall

A

Luteinizing hormone

179
Q

The released secondary oocyte is guided by ____ into antrum uterine tube

A

fimbriae

180
Q

Fertilization occurs in uterine tube if sperm reaches

A

oocyte

181
Q

After ovulation empty follicle is called a corpus luteum

A

luteal phase

182
Q

cells of the corpus luteum produce ____

A

progesterone

183
Q

used to prepare body for pregnancy ___

A

progesterone

184
Q

If pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum decomposes (~ 12 days after ovulation) and becomes ___

A

corpus albicans

185
Q

What happens if no zygote implantation occurs

A

Corpus luteum degrades

186
Q

Decline in progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin starts

A

new cycle

187
Q

Hollow tube, lined with smooth muscle

A

uterine tubes

188
Q

drapes ovary to catch oocyte

A

fimbriae

189
Q

lined with cilia to move oocyte along

A

Infundibulum

190
Q

typical site of fertilization

A

Ampulla

191
Q

connection to uterus

A

Isthmus

192
Q

Opens to uterus

A

uterine part

193
Q

How long is it from infundibulum to uterus

A

3-4 days

194
Q

When should fertilization occur

A

first 24 hours of ovulation

195
Q

whats A

A

primordial follicles

196
Q

whats B

A

PRIMARY FOLLICLE

197
Q

Whats C

A

secondary follicle

198
Q

Whats D

A

tertiary follicle

199
Q

Whats E

A

released secondary oocyte

200
Q

Whats F

A

CORPUS LUTEUM

201
Q

Whats G

A

corpus Albicans

202
Q

Whats A

A

ureter

203
Q

Whats B

A

ductus deferens

204
Q

Whats C

A

seminal gland

205
Q

Whats D

A

ampulla (of ductus deferens)

206
Q

Whats F

A

ejaculatory duct

207
Q

Whats G

A

prostate

208
Q

Whats H

A

prostatic urethra

209
Q

Whats I

A

bulbourethral glands

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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