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ANATOMY > LECTURE exam 3- Ch.21 > Flashcards

LECTURE exam 3- Ch.21 Flashcards

1
Q
  • left side of heart: ____ blood
  • right side of heart: ____ blood
A

oxygen-rich blood; oxygen-poor blood

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2
Q

pulmonary circuit: __
systemic circuit: __

A

send blood to lungs; send blood to body (except lungs)

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3
Q

arteries: __
veins: __

A

blood away from heart; blood back to heart

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4
Q

thin vessels between arteries & veins; sites of exchange

A

capillaries

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5
Q

outer layer; attaches to the diaphragm

A

fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

inner layer; secretes pericardial fluid
- parietal
- visceral

A

serous pericardium

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7
Q
  • between epicardium (visceral) & parietal layer
  • pericardial fluid
  • reduces friction while heart pumps
A

pericardial cavity

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8
Q

outer layer of pericardial cavity, fused to fibrous pericardium

A

parietal (serous pericardium)

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9
Q

exterior of heart; epicardium

A

visceral (serous pericardium)

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10
Q

external surface
- visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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11
Q

cardiac tissue
- including cardiac muscle cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, & nerves

A

myocardium

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12
Q

oxygen-poor blood enters the heart via the ____. The ___ prevents oxygen-rich blood from coming back into the heart.

A

vena cava; aortic semilunar valve

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13
Q

internal surface of heart
- endothelial surface; simple squamous

A

endocardium

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14
Q

Whats A

A

large vein

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15
Q

Whats B

A

large artery

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16
Q

Whats C

A

arteriole

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17
Q

Whats D

A

capillary

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18
Q

Whats E

A

venule

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19
Q

whats A

A

pleural cavity

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20
Q

whats B

A

pericardial cavity

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21
Q

whats C

A

visceral layer

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22
Q

whats D

A

pericardial cavity

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23
Q

whats E

A

parietal layer

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24
Q

whats A

A

myocardium

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25
Q

whats B

A

endocardium

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26
Q

whats C

A

pericardial cavity

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27
Q

whats D

A

parietal layer of serous pericardium

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28
Q

whats E

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)

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29
Q
  • myogenic
  • highly dependent on aerobic respiration
  • very high amount of myoglobin & mitochondria
  • one nucleus per cell
  • highly vascularized
  • short t-tubules
  • intercalated discs
  • branching arrangement
A

cardiac muscles (characteristics)

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30
Q
  • desmosomes
  • gap junctions
  • functional syncytium
A

intercalated discs

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31
Q

lock adjacent cells together
- Z discs bound via fascia adherens

A

desmosomes

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32
Q

allow for the transfer of ions & APs

A

gap junctions

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33
Q

linked cells contract as one unit

A

functional syncytium

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34
Q
  • stabilizes position of cardiac cells
  • stabilizes position of valves
  • provides blood vessels & nerves in myocardium
  • distribute forces of contraction
  • prevent overexpansion
  • provides elasticity so heart recoils after contraction
  • isolates atrial cells from ventricular cells
A

cardiac skeleton (functions)

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35
Q

each cardiac cell is wrapped in an ____ sheath; each muscle layer is wrapped in a ___ sheet

A

elastic; fibrous

36
Q

heart lies slightly _____ of midsagittal plane; in the ____

A

left; mediastinum

37
Q

superior border of heart: ___
inferior portion of heart:___

A

base; apex

38
Q

____ surface: right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

____ surface: left atrium & small portion of right atrium

___ surface: right & left ventricles

A

anterior; posterior; diaphragmatic

39
Q

indent due to interatrial sulcus

A

interatrial groove

40
Q

border of atria & ventricles
- collects blood cardiac veins (R atrium only)

A

coronary sulcus

41
Q

AV valves: ____; semilunar valves: ___

A

active; passive

42
Q
  • ring of connective tissue
  • cusps
  • chordae tendineae
  • papillary muscles
A

four parts of AV valves

43
Q

connect cusps and papillary muscles

A

chordae tendineae

44
Q
  • one per cusp
  • contract to prevent AV valve inversion; contract prior to ventricular contraction
A

papillary muscles

45
Q

only R ventricle
fights overexpansion of R ventricle
will stimulate:
- ant. papillary muscle
- septal papillary muscle

A

moderator band

46
Q

remnant of fetal R/L bypass

A

fossa ovalis

47
Q

___ cells: establish rate of contraction

___ cells: transmit contractile stimulus

A

nodal; conducting

48
Q

increase/decrease
- heart rate
- stroke volume

control via:
- hormones
- neural control

A

cardiac control

49
Q

visceral reflex arcs; autonomic
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

A

neural control (cardiac control)

50
Q

slows down HR by medulla oblongata
- releases acetylcholine
- reduces CO

A

parasympathetic

51
Q

speeds up HR
- releases epinephrine/norepinephrine
- increases CO

A

sympathetic

52
Q

at a specific point

= R x BF

A

blood pressure

53
Q

mean blood pressure for several cardiac cycles (mm Hg)

= TPR x CO

A

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

54
Q

opposition to flow, friction blood encounters

A

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

55
Q

blood pressure
- located in carotid & aortic

A

baroreceptors

56
Q

pH, [CO2] & [O2] <– measures & monitors gas exchange
- carotid & aortic
- chemoreceptors (nerves that innervate the heart)

A

aortic bodies

57
Q

emanate from base of aorta
- LCA
- RCA

A

coronary arteries

58
Q
  • coronary sinus
  • anterior cardiac veins
A

coronary veins

59
Q
  • great cardiac vein
  • middle cardiac vein
A

coronary sinus

60
Q

drain directly into the R atrium

A

anterior cardiac veins

61
Q

Whats A

A

left common carotid artery

62
Q

Whats B

A

brachiocephalic trunk

63
Q

Whats C

A

pulmonary trunk

64
Q

Whats D

A

right coronary artery (RCA)

65
Q

Whats E

A

small cardiac vein

66
Q

Whats F

A

anterior cardiac veins

67
Q

Whats G

A

left subclavian artery

68
Q

Whats H

A

left coronary artery (LCA)

69
Q

whats A

A

SA node

70
Q

whats B

A

internodal pathways

71
Q

whats C

A

AV node

72
Q

whats D

A

AV bundle

73
Q

whats E

A

left bundle branch

74
Q

whats F

A

right bundle branch

75
Q

whats G

A

moderator band

76
Q

whats H

A

purkinje fibers

77
Q

As a stimulus passes through the ____ it causes contraction of both atria, which is also known as atrial ____

A

internodal pathways; systole

78
Q

whats A

A

fossa ovalis

79
Q

whats B

A

opening of coronary sinus

80
Q

whats C

A

pectinate muscles

81
Q

whats D

A

conus arteriosus

82
Q

whats E

A

ligamentun arteriosum

83
Q

whats F

A

cusp of left AV (mitral) valve

84
Q

whats G

A

trabeculae carneae

85
Q

whats H

A

moderator band

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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