LECTURE exam 3- Ch.21 Flashcards
- left side of heart: ____ blood
- right side of heart: ____ blood
oxygen-rich blood; oxygen-poor blood
pulmonary circuit: __
systemic circuit: __
send blood to lungs; send blood to body (except lungs)
arteries: __
veins: __
blood away from heart; blood back to heart
thin vessels between arteries & veins; sites of exchange
capillaries
outer layer; attaches to the diaphragm
fibrous pericardium
inner layer; secretes pericardial fluid
- parietal
- visceral
serous pericardium
- between epicardium (visceral) & parietal layer
- pericardial fluid
- reduces friction while heart pumps
pericardial cavity
outer layer of pericardial cavity, fused to fibrous pericardium
parietal (serous pericardium)
exterior of heart; epicardium
visceral (serous pericardium)
external surface
- visceral pericardium
epicardium
cardiac tissue
- including cardiac muscle cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, & nerves
myocardium
oxygen-poor blood enters the heart via the ____. The ___ prevents oxygen-rich blood from coming back into the heart.
vena cava; aortic semilunar valve
internal surface of heart
- endothelial surface; simple squamous
endocardium
Whats A
large vein
Whats B
large artery
Whats C
arteriole
Whats D
capillary
Whats E
venule
whats A
pleural cavity
whats B
pericardial cavity
whats C
visceral layer
whats D
pericardial cavity
whats E
parietal layer
whats A
myocardium
whats B
endocardium
whats C
pericardial cavity
whats D
parietal layer of serous pericardium
whats E
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
- myogenic
- highly dependent on aerobic respiration
- very high amount of myoglobin & mitochondria
- one nucleus per cell
- highly vascularized
- short t-tubules
- intercalated discs
- branching arrangement
cardiac muscles (characteristics)
- desmosomes
- gap junctions
- functional syncytium
intercalated discs
lock adjacent cells together
- Z discs bound via fascia adherens
desmosomes
allow for the transfer of ions & APs
gap junctions
linked cells contract as one unit
functional syncytium
- stabilizes position of cardiac cells
- stabilizes position of valves
- provides blood vessels & nerves in myocardium
- distribute forces of contraction
- prevent overexpansion
- provides elasticity so heart recoils after contraction
- isolates atrial cells from ventricular cells
cardiac skeleton (functions)
each cardiac cell is wrapped in an ____ sheath; each muscle layer is wrapped in a ___ sheet
elastic; fibrous
heart lies slightly _____ of midsagittal plane; in the ____
left; mediastinum
superior border of heart: ___
inferior portion of heart:___
base; apex
____ surface: right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
____ surface: left atrium & small portion of right atrium
___ surface: right & left ventricles
anterior; posterior; diaphragmatic
indent due to interatrial sulcus
interatrial groove
border of atria & ventricles
- collects blood cardiac veins (R atrium only)
coronary sulcus
AV valves: ____; semilunar valves: ___
active; passive
- ring of connective tissue
- cusps
- chordae tendineae
- papillary muscles
four parts of AV valves
connect cusps and papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
- one per cusp
- contract to prevent AV valve inversion; contract prior to ventricular contraction
papillary muscles
only R ventricle
fights overexpansion of R ventricle
will stimulate:
- ant. papillary muscle
- septal papillary muscle
moderator band
remnant of fetal R/L bypass
fossa ovalis
___ cells: establish rate of contraction
___ cells: transmit contractile stimulus
nodal; conducting
increase/decrease
- heart rate
- stroke volume
control via:
- hormones
- neural control
cardiac control
visceral reflex arcs; autonomic
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
neural control (cardiac control)
slows down HR by medulla oblongata
- releases acetylcholine
- reduces CO
parasympathetic
speeds up HR
- releases epinephrine/norepinephrine
- increases CO
sympathetic
at a specific point
= R x BF
blood pressure
mean blood pressure for several cardiac cycles (mm Hg)
= TPR x CO
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
opposition to flow, friction blood encounters
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
blood pressure
- located in carotid & aortic
baroreceptors
pH, [CO2] & [O2] <– measures & monitors gas exchange
- carotid & aortic
- chemoreceptors (nerves that innervate the heart)
aortic bodies
emanate from base of aorta
- LCA
- RCA
coronary arteries
- coronary sinus
- anterior cardiac veins
coronary veins
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
coronary sinus
drain directly into the R atrium
anterior cardiac veins
Whats A
left common carotid artery
Whats B
brachiocephalic trunk
Whats C
pulmonary trunk
Whats D
right coronary artery (RCA)
Whats E
small cardiac vein
Whats F
anterior cardiac veins
Whats G
left subclavian artery
Whats H
left coronary artery (LCA)
whats A
SA node
whats B
internodal pathways
whats C
AV node
whats D
AV bundle
whats E
left bundle branch
whats F
right bundle branch
whats G
moderator band
whats H
purkinje fibers
As a stimulus passes through the ____ it causes contraction of both atria, which is also known as atrial ____
internodal pathways; systole
whats A
fossa ovalis
whats B
opening of coronary sinus
whats C
pectinate muscles
whats D
conus arteriosus
whats E
ligamentun arteriosum
whats F
cusp of left AV (mitral) valve
whats G
trabeculae carneae
whats H
moderator band
