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ANATOMY > LECTURE exam 3- Ch.21 > Flashcards

LECTURE exam 3- Ch.21 Flashcards

1
Q
  • left side of heart: ____ blood
  • right side of heart: ____ blood
A

oxygen-rich blood; oxygen-poor blood

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2
Q

pulmonary circuit: __
systemic circuit: __

A

send blood to lungs; send blood to body (except lungs)

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3
Q

arteries: __
veins: __

A

blood away from heart; blood back to heart

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4
Q

thin vessels between arteries & veins; sites of exchange

A

capillaries

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5
Q

outer layer; attaches to the diaphragm

A

fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

inner layer; secretes pericardial fluid
- parietal
- visceral

A

serous pericardium

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7
Q
  • between epicardium (visceral) & parietal layer
  • pericardial fluid
  • reduces friction while heart pumps
A

pericardial cavity

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8
Q

outer layer of pericardial cavity, fused to fibrous pericardium

A

parietal (serous pericardium)

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9
Q

exterior of heart; epicardium

A

visceral (serous pericardium)

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10
Q

external surface
- visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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11
Q

cardiac tissue
- including cardiac muscle cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, & nerves

A

myocardium

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12
Q

oxygen-poor blood enters the heart via the ____. The ___ prevents oxygen-rich blood from coming back into the heart.

A

vena cava; aortic semilunar valve

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13
Q

internal surface of heart
- endothelial surface; simple squamous

A

endocardium

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14
Q

Whats A

A

large vein

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15
Q

Whats B

A

large artery

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16
Q

Whats C

A

arteriole

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17
Q

Whats D

A

capillary

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18
Q

Whats E

A

venule

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19
Q

whats A

A

pleural cavity

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20
Q

whats B

A

pericardial cavity

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21
Q

whats C

A

visceral layer

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22
Q

whats D

A

pericardial cavity

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23
Q

whats E

A

parietal layer

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24
Q

whats A

A

myocardium

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25
whats B
endocardium
26
whats C
pericardial cavity
27
whats D
parietal layer of serous pericardium
28
whats E
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
29
- myogenic - highly dependent on aerobic respiration - very high amount of myoglobin & mitochondria - one nucleus per cell - highly vascularized - short t-tubules - intercalated discs - branching arrangement
cardiac muscles (characteristics)
30
- desmosomes - gap junctions - functional syncytium
intercalated discs
31
lock adjacent cells together - Z discs bound via fascia adherens
desmosomes
32
allow for the transfer of ions & APs
gap junctions
33
linked cells contract as one unit
functional syncytium
34
- stabilizes position of cardiac cells - stabilizes position of valves - provides blood vessels & nerves in myocardium - distribute forces of contraction - prevent overexpansion - provides elasticity so heart recoils after contraction - isolates atrial cells from ventricular cells
cardiac skeleton (functions)
35
each cardiac cell is wrapped in an ____ sheath; each muscle layer is wrapped in a ___ sheet
elastic; fibrous
36
heart lies slightly _____ of midsagittal plane; in the ____
left; mediastinum
37
superior border of heart: ___ inferior portion of heart:___
base; apex
38
____ surface: right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle ____ surface: left atrium & small portion of right atrium ___ surface: right & left ventricles
anterior; posterior; diaphragmatic
39
indent due to interatrial sulcus
interatrial groove
40
border of atria & ventricles - collects blood cardiac veins (R atrium only)
coronary sulcus
41
AV valves: ____; semilunar valves: ___
active; passive
42
- ring of connective tissue - cusps - chordae tendineae - papillary muscles
four parts of AV valves
43
connect cusps and papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
44
- one per cusp - contract to prevent AV valve inversion; contract prior to ventricular contraction
papillary muscles
45
only R ventricle fights overexpansion of R ventricle will stimulate: - ant. papillary muscle - septal papillary muscle
moderator band
46
remnant of fetal R/L bypass
fossa ovalis
47
___ cells: establish rate of contraction ___ cells: transmit contractile stimulus
nodal; conducting
48
increase/decrease - heart rate - stroke volume control via: - hormones - neural control
cardiac control
49
visceral reflex arcs; autonomic - sympathetic - parasympathetic
neural control (cardiac control)
50
slows down HR by medulla oblongata - releases acetylcholine - reduces CO
parasympathetic
51
speeds up HR - releases epinephrine/norepinephrine - increases CO
sympathetic
52
at a specific point = R x BF
blood pressure
53
mean blood pressure for several cardiac cycles (mm Hg) = TPR x CO
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
54
opposition to flow, friction blood encounters
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
55
blood pressure - located in carotid & aortic
baroreceptors
56
pH, [CO2] & [O2] <-- measures & monitors gas exchange - carotid & aortic - chemoreceptors (nerves that innervate the heart)
aortic bodies
57
emanate from base of aorta - LCA - RCA
coronary arteries
58
- coronary sinus - anterior cardiac veins
coronary veins
59
- great cardiac vein - middle cardiac vein
coronary sinus
60
drain directly into the R atrium
anterior cardiac veins
61
Whats A
left common carotid artery
62
Whats B
brachiocephalic trunk
63
Whats C
pulmonary trunk
64
Whats D
right coronary artery (RCA)
65
Whats E
small cardiac vein
66
Whats F
anterior cardiac veins
67
Whats G
left subclavian artery
68
Whats H
left coronary artery (LCA)
69
whats A
SA node
70
whats B
internodal pathways
71
whats C
AV node
72
whats D
AV bundle
73
whats E
left bundle branch
74
whats F
right bundle branch
75
whats G
moderator band
76
whats H
purkinje fibers
77
As a stimulus passes through the ____ it causes contraction of both atria, which is also known as atrial ____
internodal pathways; systole
78
whats A
fossa ovalis
79
whats B
opening of coronary sinus
80
whats C
pectinate muscles
81
whats D
conus arteriosus
82
whats E
ligamentun arteriosum
83
whats F
cusp of left AV (mitral) valve
84
whats G
trabeculae carneae
85
whats H
moderator band

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