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ANATOMY > lecture exam 4- Ch.25 > Flashcards

lecture exam 4- Ch.25 Flashcards

1
Q

process of breaking down food into simpler forms through mechanical & chemical manipulation in the gastrointestinal tract (GI); resulting in absorption of nutrients

A

digestion

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2
Q

entry of material in mouth

A

ingestion

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3
Q

churning, segmentation, & grinding of ingested food

A

mechanical digestion

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4
Q

acid, enzymes, buffers, & emulsifying salts secreted to break chemical bonds

A

chemical digestion

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5
Q

movement of simplified macronutrients, micronutrients, & water into interstitial fluid of GI tract

A

absorption

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6
Q

unabsorbed ingesta, undigested food, metabolic waste, sloughed cells of GI lining & bacteria

A

excretion

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7
Q

dehydration & compaction of waste material; fecal formation

A

compaction

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8
Q

food –> ____ –> ___

A

bolus; chyme

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9
Q

individual amino acids & peptides

A

proteins

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10
Q

micelles, spheres of FAs & monoglycerides

A

fats

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11
Q
  • simple sugar (monosaccharides): fructose, glucose
  • structural carbohydrates: fiber is not absorbed
A

sugars

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12
Q

diffuses through SI & LI

A

water

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13
Q

some diffuse; many use micelles
- vitamins: C, B12, E, K
- minerals: calcium, phosphorus, iron

A

micronutrients

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14
Q

enzymes rely on specific pHs; concentration of H+
- stomach pH pf 2
- SI pH of 4

A

pH

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15
Q

inner lining of GI tract; mucous membrane

A

mucosa

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16
Q

exocrine; large lymphatic & vasculature

A

submucosa

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17
Q

propels ingesta; form sphincters

A

muscular layer

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18
Q

serous membrane

A

serosa

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19
Q

whats labeled A

A

mucosa

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20
Q

whats labeled B

A

submucosa

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21
Q

whats labeled C

A

muscular layer

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22
Q

whats labeled D

A

serosa

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23
Q

whats labeled E

A

myenteric neural plexus

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24
Q

whats labeled F

A

circular fold

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25
- longitudinal muscle - circular muscle
peristalsis
26
involved with mechanical digestion; churn; no propulsion; only circular
segmentation
27
segmentation
28
peristalsis
29
whats labeled A
oral cavity - stratified squamous epithelium
30
whats labeled B
pharynx - stratified squamous
31
whats labeled C
esophagus - stratified squamous epithelium
32
whats labeled E
stomach - stratified squamous eputhelium
33
whats labeled F
small intestine
34
whats labeled G
large intestine
35
whats labeled H
salivary glands
36
whats labeled I
liver
37
whats labeled J
gallbladder
38
whats labeled K
pancreas
39
serosal membrane - visceral - parietal
peritoneum
40
double peritoneal membranes w/ areolar tissue in between - support organs - vasculature, lymphatic, nervous connections
mesenteries
41
whats labeled A
transverse colon
42
whats labeled B
ascending colon
43
whats labeled C
mesentery proper (mesenterial sheet)
44
whats labeled D
descending colon
45
whats labeled E
sigmoid colon
46
- sensory analysis of food - mechanical digestion - chemical digestion - lubrication of food
oral cavity
47
whats labeled A
openings of submandibular ducts
48
whats labeled B
frenulum of tongue
49
whats labeled C
frenulum of upper lip
50
whats labeled A
opening of parotid duct
51
whats labeled B
dorsum of tongue
52
whats labeled C
pharyngeal tonsil
53
whats labeled D
nasopharynx
54
whats labeled E
uvula
55
whats labeled F
lingual tonsil
56
whats labeled G
epiglottis
57
whats labeled H
laryngopharynx
58
whats labeled A
sublingual gland
59
whats labeled B
submandibular gland
60
whats labeled C
parotid gland
61
mucin based mixture
saliva
62
beginning of chemical digestion
enzymes
63
breaks starch & glycogen into maltose
salivary amylases
64
breaks down fats
lingual lipase
65
whats labeled A
crown
66
whats labeled B
enamel
67
whats labeled C
dentine
68
whats labeled D
pulp cavity
69
whats labeled E
gingiva
70
whats labeled F
alveolar process
71
whats labeled A
temporalis
72
whats labeled B
masseter
73
whats labeled C
capsule of temporomandibular joint
74
whats labeled A
lateral pterygoid
75
whats labeled B
medial pterygoid
76
general tongue movement
extrinsic tongue muscles
77
movements associated with speech
intrinsic tongue muscles
78
whats labeled A
styloglossus
79
whats labeled B
genloglossus
80
whats labeled C
hyoglossus
81
swallowing
deglutition
82
voluntary, deglutition can be initiated by bolus reaching oropharynx - bolus at hard palate - tongue retracts
buccal
83
1) buccal phase
84
involuntary - larynx elevation (closes epiglottis) - pharyngeal muscles squeeze bolus to esophagus
pharyngeal
85
2) pharyngeal phase
86
involuntary bolus movement down esophagus via peristalsis - opening of upper esophageal sphincter (skel) - esophagus - opening of lower esophageal spincter (smooth) - stomach
esophageal
87
3) esophageal phase
88
Opening in diaphragm that esophagus travels through
esophageal hiatus
89
whats labeled A
muscularis mucosae
90
whats labeled B
mucosa
91
whats labeled C
submucosa
92
whats labeled D
muscular layer
93
whats labeled E
adventitia
94
whats labeled F
the esophagus (does not have serosa)
95
peristalsis
96
- stores ingesta - first site of significant chemical digestion: pepsin; low pH - mechanical digestion - formation of chyme
stomach
97
whats labeled A
longitudinal muscle layer
98
whats labeled B
circular muscle layer
99
whats labeled C
oblique muscle layer (overlying mucosa)
100
gastric folds = ___
gastric rugae
101
- mucous - parietal - chief - enteroendocrine
gastric cells
102
mucin
mucous
103
HCl
parietal
104
pepsinogen
chief
105
hormones - G: gastrin; stimulates parietal cells
enteroendocrine

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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