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ANATOMY > lecture exam 4- Ch.25 > Flashcards

lecture exam 4- Ch.25 Flashcards

1
Q

process of breaking down food into simpler forms through mechanical & chemical manipulation in the gastrointestinal tract (GI); resulting in absorption of nutrients

A

digestion

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2
Q

entry of material in mouth

A

ingestion

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3
Q

churning, segmentation, & grinding of ingested food

A

mechanical digestion

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4
Q

acid, enzymes, buffers, & emulsifying salts secreted to break chemical bonds

A

chemical digestion

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5
Q

movement of simplified macronutrients, micronutrients, & water into interstitial fluid of GI tract

A

absorption

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6
Q

unabsorbed ingesta, undigested food, metabolic waste, sloughed cells of GI lining & bacteria

A

excretion

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7
Q

dehydration & compaction of waste material; fecal formation

A

compaction

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8
Q

food –> ____ –> ___

A

bolus; chyme

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9
Q

individual amino acids & peptides

A

proteins

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10
Q

micelles, spheres of FAs & monoglycerides

A

fats

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11
Q
  • simple sugar (monosaccharides): fructose, glucose
  • structural carbohydrates: fiber is not absorbed
A

sugars

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12
Q

diffuses through SI & LI

A

water

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13
Q

some diffuse; many use micelles
- vitamins: C, B12, E, K
- minerals: calcium, phosphorus, iron

A

micronutrients

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14
Q

enzymes rely on specific pHs; concentration of H+
- stomach pH pf 2
- SI pH of 4

A

pH

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15
Q

inner lining of GI tract; mucous membrane

A

mucosa

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16
Q

exocrine; large lymphatic & vasculature

A

submucosa

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17
Q

propels ingesta; form sphincters

A

muscular layer

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18
Q

serous membrane

A

serosa

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19
Q

whats labeled A

A

mucosa

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20
Q

whats labeled B

A

submucosa

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21
Q

whats labeled C

A

muscular layer

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22
Q

whats labeled D

A

serosa

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23
Q

whats labeled E

A

myenteric neural plexus

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24
Q

whats labeled F

A

circular fold

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25
Q
  • longitudinal muscle
  • circular muscle
A

peristalsis

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26
Q

involved with mechanical digestion; churn; no propulsion; only circular

A

segmentation

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27
Q
A

segmentation

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28
Q
A

peristalsis

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29
Q

whats labeled A

A

oral cavity
- stratified squamous epithelium

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30
Q

whats labeled B

A

pharynx
- stratified squamous

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31
Q

whats labeled C

A

esophagus
- stratified squamous epithelium

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32
Q

whats labeled E

A

stomach
- stratified squamous eputhelium

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33
Q

whats labeled F

A

small intestine

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34
Q

whats labeled G

A

large intestine

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35
Q

whats labeled H

A

salivary glands

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36
Q

whats labeled I

A

liver

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37
Q

whats labeled J

A

gallbladder

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38
Q

whats labeled K

A

pancreas

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39
Q

serosal membrane
- visceral
- parietal

A

peritoneum

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40
Q

double peritoneal membranes w/ areolar tissue in between
- support organs
- vasculature, lymphatic, nervous connections

A

mesenteries

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41
Q

whats labeled A

A

transverse colon

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42
Q

whats labeled B

A

ascending colon

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43
Q

whats labeled C

A

mesentery proper (mesenterial sheet)

44
Q

whats labeled D

A

descending colon

45
Q

whats labeled E

A

sigmoid colon

46
Q
  • sensory analysis of food
  • mechanical digestion
  • chemical digestion
  • lubrication of food
A

oral cavity

47
Q

whats labeled A

A

openings of submandibular ducts

48
Q

whats labeled B

A

frenulum of tongue

49
Q

whats labeled C

A

frenulum of upper lip

50
Q

whats labeled A

A

opening of parotid duct

51
Q

whats labeled B

A

dorsum of tongue

52
Q

whats labeled C

A

pharyngeal tonsil

53
Q

whats labeled D

A

nasopharynx

54
Q

whats labeled E

55
Q

whats labeled F

A

lingual tonsil

56
Q

whats labeled G

A

epiglottis

57
Q

whats labeled H

A

laryngopharynx

58
Q

whats labeled A

A

sublingual gland

59
Q

whats labeled B

A

submandibular gland

60
Q

whats labeled C

A

parotid gland

61
Q

mucin based mixture

62
Q

beginning of chemical digestion

63
Q

breaks starch & glycogen into maltose

A

salivary amylases

64
Q

breaks down fats

A

lingual lipase

65
Q

whats labeled A

66
Q

whats labeled B

67
Q

whats labeled C

68
Q

whats labeled D

A

pulp cavity

69
Q

whats labeled E

70
Q

whats labeled F

A

alveolar process

71
Q

whats labeled A

A

temporalis

72
Q

whats labeled B

73
Q

whats labeled C

A

capsule of temporomandibular joint

74
Q

whats labeled A

A

lateral pterygoid

75
Q

whats labeled B

A

medial pterygoid

76
Q

general tongue movement

A

extrinsic tongue muscles

77
Q

movements associated with speech

A

intrinsic tongue muscles

78
Q

whats labeled A

A

styloglossus

79
Q

whats labeled B

A

genloglossus

80
Q

whats labeled C

A

hyoglossus

81
Q

swallowing

A

deglutition

82
Q

voluntary, deglutition can be initiated by bolus reaching oropharynx
- bolus at hard palate
- tongue retracts

83
Q
A

1) buccal phase

84
Q

involuntary
- larynx elevation (closes epiglottis)
- pharyngeal muscles squeeze bolus to esophagus

A

pharyngeal

85
Q
A

2) pharyngeal phase

86
Q

involuntary
bolus movement down esophagus via peristalsis
- opening of upper esophageal sphincter (skel)
- esophagus
- opening of lower esophageal spincter (smooth)
- stomach

A

esophageal

87
Q
A

3) esophageal phase

88
Q

Opening in diaphragm that esophagus travels through

A

esophageal hiatus

89
Q

whats labeled A

A

muscularis mucosae

90
Q

whats labeled B

91
Q

whats labeled C

92
Q

whats labeled D

A

muscular layer

93
Q

whats labeled E

A

adventitia

94
Q

whats labeled F

A

the esophagus
(does not have serosa)

95
Q
A

peristalsis

96
Q
  • stores ingesta
  • first site of significant chemical digestion: pepsin; low pH
  • mechanical digestion
  • formation of chyme
97
Q

whats labeled A

A

longitudinal muscle layer

98
Q

whats labeled B

A

circular muscle layer

99
Q

whats labeled C

A

oblique muscle layer (overlying mucosa)

100
Q

gastric folds = ___

A

gastric rugae

101
Q
  • mucous
  • parietal
  • chief
  • enteroendocrine
A

gastric cells

102
Q

mucin

103
Q

HCl

104
Q

pepsinogen

105
Q

hormones
- G: gastrin; stimulates parietal cells

A

enteroendocrine

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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