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ANATOMY > Lecture Exam 5- Ch. 26 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 5- Ch. 26 Flashcards

1
Q
  • regulates plasma ion concentrations
  • regulates blood volume & blood pressure
  • regulate blood pH
  • prevents loss of valuable nutrients
A

urinary system

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2
Q

What metabolic wastes does the urinary system eliminate?

A

urea, uric acid, drugs

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3
Q

What does the urinary system synthesize?

A

calcitriol (active form of vitamin D) & erythropoietin (for RBC production)

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4
Q

The urinary system aids what in metabolic functions

A

liver

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5
Q

contain nephrons, produce urine

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

transports urine toward the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

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7
Q

Urine is stored in the bladder until what

A

micturition/ urination

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8
Q

temporarily stores urine prior to elimination

A

urinary bladder

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9
Q

conducts urine to exterior; in males also transports semen

A

urethra

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10
Q

what type of epithelium is in the urinary bladder

A

transitional epithelium

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11
Q

Which kidney is slightly superior to the other

A

left is superior to right

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12
Q

Point of entry/exit for blood vessles, nerves, lymphatic vessel, and ureter

A

Hilum

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13
Q

Superior to each kidney

A

Adrenal glands

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14
Q

large vessels, glomeruli

A

Renal cortex

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15
Q

LOH, collecting ducts, vasa recta

A

Renal medulla

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16
Q

bundles of medullary tissue

A

Renal pyramids

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17
Q

tips of pyramids where urine is excreted into calyxes

A

Renal papillae

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18
Q

Bands of cortical tissue between pyramids

A

Renal columns

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19
Q

Renal pyramids, overlying renal cortex, and adjacent renal columns

A

kidney lobe

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20
Q

Whats B

A

renal sinus

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21
Q

whats E

A

hilum

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22
Q

whats F

A

renal papilla

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23
Q

whats H

A

cortex

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24
Q

whats I

A

medulla

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25
Q

whats J

A

renal pyramid

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26
Q

whats L

A

minor calyx

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27
Q

whats M

A

major calyx

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27
Q

Inner cavity of kidney

A

Renal sinus

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28
Q

collects urine from major calyxes, empties to ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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29
Q

Collects urine from renal papillae

A

minor calyx

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30
Q

collects urine from minor calyxes

A

major calyx

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31
Q

Urine production is controlled by

A

autoregulation

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32
Q

automatic adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any given point in time

A

Autoregulation

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33
Q

whats 2

A

cortical radiate arteries

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34
Q

whats 3

A

interlobar arteries

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35
Q

whats 4

A

segmental artery

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36
Q

whats 6

A

renal artery

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37
Q

blood flows from renal artery –> _____ –> interlobar arteries –> _____

A

segmental artery; cortical radiate arteries

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38
Q

Whats A

A

cortical radiate vein

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39
Q

Whats B

A

cortical radiate artery

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40
Q

Whats C

A

arcuate artery

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41
Q

Whats D

A

arcuate vein

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42
Q

Whats E

A

glomerulus

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43
Q

Whats G

A

cortical nephron

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44
Q

Whats H

A

juxtamedullary nephron

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45
Q

Whats I

A

interlobar vein

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46
Q

Whats J

A

interlobar artery

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47
Q

Nerve fibers that are most plentiful in kidney

A

Sympathetic nerve fibers

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48
Q

Present in kidney but not very abundant

A

Parasympathetic nerves

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49
Q

Each nephron is

A

innervated

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50
Q
  • Control vasoconstriction and vasodilation of renal arterioles
  • regulate renal blood flow and pressure
  • stimulate renin release
  • stimulate water and sodium ion reabsorption
A

Functions of neural innervation

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51
Q

Smallest functional unit of kidney

A

Nephrons

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52
Q

glomerular capillaries, glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

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53
Q

afferent and efferent arteriole

A

Vascular pole

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54
Q

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

A

renal tubule

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55
Q

first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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56
Q

part of renal tubule composed of descending and ascending loop, responsible for reabsorption of water, Na+, CL-, secrete H+

A

nephron loop (loop of Henle)

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57
Q

Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and sodium

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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58
Q

Ultimately produces urine from filtrate

A

collecting system

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59
Q

collects filtrate from DCT

A

connecting tubules

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60
Q

Drains multiple connecting tubules from different nephrons

A

collecting duct

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61
Q

dumps urine into minor calyx

A

papillary duct

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62
Q

Once filtrate is in minor calyx; no longer altered

A

Urine

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63
Q

Whats H

A

collecting duct

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64
Q

whats G

A

ascending loop/limb

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65
Q

whats B

A

renal corpuscle

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66
Q

whats I

A

papillary duct

67
Q

whats nephron A

A

cortical nephron

68
Q

whats nephron B

A

juxtamedullary nephron

69
Q

LOH mainly stays in cortex

A

cortical nephron

70
Q

LOH dips deep into medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

71
Q

In both nephron types & in the cortex
- surrounds DCT & PCT

A

Peritubular capillaries

72
Q

Only in juxtamedullary nephrons and in medulla
- surrounds LOH used mainly in reabsorption of water

A

Vasa recta

73
Q

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

74
Q

whats 1

A

efferent arteriole

75
Q

whats 2

A

vascular pole of renal corpuscle

76
Q

whats 3

A

afferent arteriole

77
Q

whats 4

A

peritubular capillaries

78
Q

whats 5

A

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

79
Q

whats 7

A

peritubular capillaries

80
Q

whats 8

A

nephron loop / loop of henle

81
Q

whats 14

A

vasa recta

82
Q

whats 9

A

peritubular capillaries

83
Q

whats 10

A

glomerulus

84
Q

_________ consists of:
capsular outer layer, visceral layer, capsular space

A

Glomerular capsule consists of

85
Q

Made of squamous cells that are continuous with the lining of PCT

A

Capsular outer layer

86
Q

epithelial lining of glomerular capillaries; podocytes

A

Visceral layer

87
Q

Opens to PCT

A

Capsular space

88
Q

Whats A

A

efferent arteriole

89
Q

Whats B

A

macula densa

90
Q

Whats C

A

mesangial cells

91
Q

Whats D

A

juxtaglomerular cells

92
Q

Whats E

A

juxtaglomerular complex

93
Q

Whats F

A

afferent arteriole

94
Q

Whats P

A

distal convoluted tubule

95
Q

Whats O

A

glomerular capillary

96
Q

Whats M

A

proximal convoluted tubule

97
Q

Whats K

A

podocytes (visceral layer)

98
Q

Whats L

A

glomerular capsule

99
Q

Whats G

A

vascular pole

100
Q

Renal corpuscle secrete ___ & ___

A

renin & erythropoietin

101
Q

Support glomerular capillaries

A

Mesangial cells

102
Q

Form glomerular epithelium, “feet” form filtration slits

A

Podocytes

103
Q
  • Begins at the tubular pole of the renal corpuscle
  • lined with simple cuboidal epithelium containing microvilli
  • a major site of reabsorption
A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

104
Q

waste products are actively secreted into filtrate from blood
- drained by vasa recta

A

Loop of Henle (nephron loop)

105
Q

Reabsorption of water; only permeable to water

A

Descending limb

106
Q

Reabsorption of ions; impermeable to water

A

Ascending limb

107
Q

Loop of henle has _____ epithelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

108
Q
  • the last segment of the nephron
  • opens into the collecting system
  • consists of connecting tubules, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts
A

Distal Convuluted Tubule

109
Q

The DCT is active and has regulated secretions of

A

ions, acids, toxins

110
Q

DCT is selective reabsorption of ___ & ____

A

sodium & calcium ions

111
Q

DCT is used in the regulation of

A

glomerular filtration rate

112
Q

DCT of each nephron empties filtrate to third

A

connecting tubules

113
Q

Several connecting tubules drain into this tube

A

collecting ducts

114
Q

excrete filtrate

A

papillary ducts

115
Q
  • connecting tubules
  • collecting ducts
  • papillary ducts
A

collecting system

116
Q
  • Macula densa cells
  • juxtaglomerular cells
  • extraglomerular mesangial cells
A

Juxtaglomerular complex

117
Q

Will alter arteriole BP & systemic BP

A

Juxtaglomerular complex

118
Q

constriction & dilation of arteriole; afferent & efferent

A

Arteriole’s BP changes via

119
Q

Precursor for angiotensin; raises BP

A

Renin

120
Q

regulate the density of RBCs

A

Erythropoietin

121
Q

What will be altered due to changes in arteriole BP

A

GFR

122
Q

drain urine from kidneys to bladder; exits at hilum

A

Ureters

123
Q

Where does urine enter bladder

A

trigone via ureteral orifices

124
Q

____ & ____ moves urine toward the urinary bladder

A

Peristaltic contractions and gravity

125
Q

ureter: Inner mucosa is lined with ____

A

transitional epithelium

126
Q

Ureter: Middle muscular layer has ______ & _______ muscles

A

longitudinal & circular smooth muscles

127
Q

continuous with fibrous capsule and parietal peritoneum

A

Adventitia

128
Q

whats A

A

transitional epithelium

129
Q

whats B

A

lamina propria

130
Q

whats C

A

mucosa

131
Q

whats D

A

smooth muscle

132
Q

whats E

A

Adventitia

133
Q
  • Circular smooth muscle
  • mucous producing cells in the epithelium
A

Urethra

134
Q

through prostate gland

A

Prostatic urethra

135
Q

short segment through external urethral sphincter

A

Membranous urethra

136
Q

through the penis to the external urethral orifice

A

spongy urethra

137
Q

Involve spinal cord & pontine centers of brain

A

Urine storage and voiding reflexes

138
Q

Urine storage _______ sympathetic activity

A

increases

139
Q

Stretch receptors in the bladder signals _____ reflex

A

sympathetic reflex

140
Q

Urine Storage Reflex inhibits ___ muscle

A

detrusor muscle

141
Q

Urine Storage Reflex stimulates contraction of internal and external ____

A

urethral sphincters

142
Q

whats A

A

median umbilical ligament

143
Q

whats B

A

ureter

144
Q

whats C

A

lateral umbilical ligament

145
Q

whats D

A

detrusor

146
Q

whats E

A

rugae

147
Q

whats G

A

internal urethral sphincter

148
Q

whats H

A

external urethral sphincter

149
Q

whats I

A

trigone (dashed lines)

150
Q

whats L

A

prostate gland

151
Q

whats A

A

lumen of urethra

152
Q

whats B

A

stratified squamous epithelium of mucosa

153
Q

whats C

A

lamina propia containing mucous epithelial glands

154
Q

Whats A

A

urinary bladder

155
Q

Whats B

A

prostate

156
Q

Whats C

A

spongy urethra

157
Q

Whats D

A

urethra

158
Q

Whats A

A

uterus

159
Q

Whats B

A

urinary bladder

160
Q

Whats C

A

internal urethral sphincter

161
Q

Whats D

A

urethra

162
Q

Whats E

A

external urethral sphincter

163
Q

Whats F

A

vagina

164
Q

internal urethral sphincter ____; ___ muscle

A

relaxes; smooth

165
Q

_____ effort is needed to relax (open) external urethral sphincter; ___ muscle

A

voluntary; skeletal

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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