lecture exam 4- Ch. 24 Flashcards
- gas exchange between air & blood
- assists in regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, & body fluid pH
respiratory system
1) pulmonary ventilation
2) external respiration
3) transport of gases
4) internal respiration
4 stages of breathing
tide-like movements of air into & out of lungs
pulmonary ventilation
- gases diffuse from air in lungs into blood through alveoli & capillary beds
- blood gains O2 & dumps CO2
external respiration
blood circulates throughout body
transport of gases
- gases flow into & out of body tissues & are exchanged with circulatory system
- blood gains CO2 & dumps O2
internal respiration
whats labeled A
nasal conchae
whats labeled B
nasal cavity
whats labeled C
nasopharynx
whats labeled D
larynx
whats labeled E
trachea
whats labeled F
bronchi
whats labeled G
esophagus
not in pharynx, smaller bronchi, or alveoli
- cilia move mucous up to pharynx
pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells
pharynx
- nonkeratinized, protects against abrasion
stratified squamous cells
nasal cavity, sinuses, lower respiratory tract
- mucous will trap debris; keep surfaces moist
mucous-producing cells
in alveoli
- produce surfactant; allow for gas diffusion
simple squamous
hairs in nose block some inhaled debris
vibrissae
nasal conchae & paranasal sinuses
- produces mucus to trap inhaled debris; sneezing will remove this debris
- incurrent air is also warmed & humidified
nasal cavity
respiratory epithelium mucus will trap inhaled debris
- ____ : moves debris upward toward pharynx
- coughing or swallowing will remove this debris
mucociliary escalator
whats labeled A
major alar cartilage
whats labeled B
minor alar cartilage
- produce mucus
- resonate sound
- lighten skull
- humidifies air
sinuses
whats labeled A
frontal sinus
whats labeled B
ethmoid air cells
whats labeled C
sphenoidal sinus
whats labeled D
maxillary sinus
whats labeled A
posterior nasal apertures
whats labeled B
nasopharynx
whats labeled C
oropharynx
whats labeled D
laryngopharynx
whats labeled E
superior nasal conchae
whats labeled F
inferior nasal conchae
whats labeled G
nasal vestibule
whats labeled H
hard palate
move vocal fold / O&C glottis
intrinsic laryngeal muscles
stabilize larynx
extrinsic laryngeal muscles
protect vocal ligaments
vestibular ligaments
involved with making noises
vocal ligaments
whats labeled A
epiglottis
whats labeled B
corniculate cartilage
whats labeled C
arytenoid cartilage
whats labeled A
corniculate cartilage
whats labeled B
arytenoid cartilage
whats labeled A
vestibular fold
whats labeled B
vocal fold
whats labeled C
epiglottis
whats labeled D
glottis (closed)
whats labeled E
glottis (open)
whats labeled F
vocal fold
whats labeled G
vestibular fold
whats labeled H
epiglottis
vocal fold = ____
vocal cord
tongue forces compacted bolus into oropharynx
buccal phase
laryngeal movement folds epiglottis; pharyngeal muscles push bolus into esophagus
pharyngeal phase
bolus moves along esophagus; larynx returns to normal position
esophageal phase
- “C” shaped
- hyaline cartilage
tracheal rings
constrict rings; posterior “gap” in rings
trachealis muscle
no gas exchange until ______
respiratory bronchioles
whats labeled A
larynx
whats labeled B
esophagus
whats labeled C
tracheal cartilage
whats labeled D
trachea
whats labeled E
tracheal cartilages
whats labeled F
carina of trachea
whats labeled G
main bronchi
whats labeled H
middle lobar bronchus
whats labeled I
3 lobar (secondary) bronchus
whats labeled J
superior lobar bronchus
whats labeled A
main bronchus
whats labeled B
inferior lobar (secondary) bronchus
whats labeled C
cartilage plates
whats labeled D
superior lobar (secondary) bronchus
whats labeled E
segmental (or tertiary) bronchi
whats labeled A
pulmonary arteries
whats labeled B
middle lobar bronchus
whats labeled C
superior lobar bronchus
whats labeled D
inferior lobar bronchus
bronchopulmonary segments: fed by a ______
tertiary bronchus
Pulmonary circuit:
- veins carry O2 ___blood
- arteries carry O2 ___ blood
rich; poor
whats labeled A
terminal bronchiole
whats labeled B
respiratory bronchiole
whats labeled C
alveoli in a pulmonary lobule
whats labeled A
smooth muscle
whats labeled B
respiratory epithelium
whats labeled A
alveoli
whats labeled B
alveolar sac
whats labeled C
alveolar duct
whats labeled D
capillary beds
whats labeled E
lymphatic vessel
whats labeled F
branch of pulmonary vein
whats labeled A
fused basement membrane
whats labeled B
alveolar cell layer
whats labeled C
surfactant
whats labeled D
capillary lumen
whats labeled E
endothelium
- alveolar cells
- basement membrane
- capillary endothelium
blood air barrier
“normal” inhalation/exhalation
- exhalation is not forced
- tidal volume is variable, based on many parameters (activity, posture)
tidal breath
whats labeled A
sternocleidomastoid
whats labeled B
scalenes
whats labeled C
pectoralis minor
whats labeled D
serratus anterior
whats labeled E
diaphragm
whats labeled F
external intercostals
whats labeled G
internal intercostals
whats labeled H
transversus thoracis
whats labeled I
external oblique
whats labeled J
rectus abdominis
whats labeled K
internal oblique
inhalation = _____
inspiration
inhalation is always an ___ process; it requires ___, ATP
active; energy
exhalation = ___
expiration
- forced exhalation requires ____, ATP
- tidal exhalation is ____ does not use energy
energy; passive
arterial stretch receptors
baroreceptors