anatomy lecture- exam 2 (ch. 9) Flashcards
1
Q
- non-striated
- can replicate; hyperplasia
- reflex arcs or myogenic
A
smooth muscle characteristics
2
Q
- myogenic
- branched
- scar tissue
- pumps blood
A
cardiac muscle characteristics
3
Q
- multinucleated
- pulls on bones
- voluntary or reflex arcs
- hypertrophy
A
skeletal muscle characteristics
4
Q
respond to stimuli; undergo action potentials
A
excitability
5
Q
rebound towards its original length
A
elasticity
6
Q
- produce movement
- maintain posture & body position
- support soft tissue
- regulate entering & exiting of material; found in some sphincters
- maintain body temp; shivering thermogenesis
A
skeletal muscle functions
7
Q
A
skeletal muscle (organ)
8
Q
A
muscle fiber (cell)
9
Q
A
muscle fascicle (bundle of cells)
10
Q
what’s labeled A
A
perimysium
11
Q
what’s labeled B
A
muscle fiber
12
Q
what’s labeled C
A
endomysium
13
Q
- endomysium
- perimysium
- epimysium
A
cell membranes in muscles
14
Q
membrane of muscle fiber
A
endomysium
Letter C
15
Q
membrane of muscle fascicle
A
perimysium
Letter D
16
Q
membrane of skeletal muscle
A
epimysium
Letter A
17
Q
Whats labeled B
A
muscle fascicle
18
Q
smallest functional unit of muscle
A
sarcomere
19
Q
thick filament in sarcomere
A
myosin
20
Q
thin filament in sarcomere
A
actin
21
Q
A
myofilaments
22
Q
A
sarcomere
23
Q
A
myofibril
24
Q
A
muscle fiber
25
fascicle
26
Muscle (as an organ)
27
discs form endplates for each sarcomere
Z discs/ line
28
Z-discs contract towards __line
M line/ disc
29
- "lock"
- reacts to Ca2+
troponin
30
- "chain"
- covers myosin binding sites
tropomyosin
31
when ____ is present, cross-bridge cycle can begin
Ca2+
32
Whats labeled A
Endomysium
33
What's labeled B
myosatellite
34
What's labeled C
sarcolemma
35
whats labeled D
myofibril
36
Whats labeled A
mitochondria
37
Whats labeled B
sarcolemma
38
Whats labeled C
myofibril
39
Whats labeled D
thin filament
40
Whats labeled E
thick filament
41
Whats labeled F
triad
42
Whats labeled G
sarcoplasmic reticulum
43
Whats labeled H
T-tubules
44
Whats labeled I
terminal cisterna
45
Whats labeled J
sarcolemma
46
Whats labeled K
sarcoplasm
47
Whats labeled L
myofibrils
48
automatic pathway that mediates a response to a stimulus
Reflex arc
49
Somatic reflex
skeletal muscle
50
motor neuron & muscle fiber it innervates
Motor unit
51
sequence of events from motor neuron signaling to a skeletal muscle fiber to contraction of the fiber's sarcomeres
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
52
muscle surface that ACH binds to
motor end plate
53
degrades ACh in synaptic cleft
acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
54
1. ACh released, binding to receptors
2. AP reaches T tubule
3. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
4. active site exposure and cross-bridge formation
5. contraction begins
steps that initiate a muscle contraction
55
1. ACh removed by AChE
2. sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures Ca2+
3. active sites covered, no cross-bridge interaction
4. contraction ends
5. relaxation occurs, passive return to resting length
steps that end a muscle contraction
56
what time of muscle fiber & where is it located
slow fibers (smaller diameter, darker color due to myoglobin; fatigue resistant)
located in the calf & back (prolong contraction)
57
what time of muscle fiber & where is it located
fast fibers (larger diameter, paler color; easily fatigued)
located in the hands & eyes
58
increase in cell size & increase # of myofibrils
Hypertrophy
59
reduction in muscle size, tone, and power; due to disuse, age, or disease
Atrophy
60
theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
sliding filament theory
61
when contracting, they increase in diameter
Parallel muscles
62
not as strong as parallel muscles; direction of tension can vary
Convergent muscles
63
- shortest contraction distance
- produce more force than parallel muscles due to higher fiber concentration
Pennate muscles
64
- regulate opening and closing of an orifice
- can be found at sphincters
- some are active until relaxed
Circular muscles
