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ANATOMY > anatomy lecture- exam 2 (ch. 9) > Flashcards

anatomy lecture- exam 2 (ch. 9) Flashcards

1
Q
  • non-striated
  • can replicate; hyperplasia
  • reflex arcs or myogenic
A

smooth muscle characteristics

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2
Q
  • myogenic
  • branched
  • scar tissue
  • pumps blood
A

cardiac muscle characteristics

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3
Q
  • multinucleated
  • pulls on bones
  • voluntary or reflex arcs
  • hypertrophy
A

skeletal muscle characteristics

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4
Q

respond to stimuli; undergo action potentials

A

excitability

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5
Q

rebound towards its original length

A

elasticity

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6
Q
  • produce movement
  • maintain posture & body position
  • support soft tissue
  • regulate entering & exiting of material; found in some sphincters
  • maintain body temp; shivering thermogenesis
A

skeletal muscle functions

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7
Q
A

skeletal muscle (organ)

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8
Q
A

muscle fiber (cell)

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9
Q
A

muscle fascicle (bundle of cells)

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10
Q

what’s labeled A

A

perimysium

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11
Q

what’s labeled B

A

muscle fiber

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12
Q

what’s labeled C

A

endomysium

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13
Q
  • endomysium
  • perimysium
  • epimysium
A

cell membranes in muscles

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14
Q

membrane of muscle fiber

A

endomysium
Letter C

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15
Q

membrane of muscle fascicle

A

perimysium
Letter D

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16
Q

membrane of skeletal muscle

A

epimysium
Letter A

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17
Q

Whats labeled B

A

muscle fascicle

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18
Q

smallest functional unit of muscle

A

sarcomere

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19
Q

thick filament in sarcomere

A

myosin

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20
Q

thin filament in sarcomere

A

actin

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21
Q
A

myofilaments

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22
Q
A

sarcomere

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23
Q
A

myofibril

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24
Q
A

muscle fiber

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25
Q
A

fascicle

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26
Q
A

Muscle (as an organ)

27
Q

discs form endplates for each sarcomere

A

Z discs/ line

28
Q

Z-discs contract towards __line

A

M line/ disc

29
Q
  • “lock”
  • reacts to Ca2+
A

troponin

30
Q
  • “chain”
  • covers myosin binding sites
A

tropomyosin

31
Q

when ____ is present, cross-bridge cycle can begin

A

Ca2+

32
Q

Whats labeled A

A

Endomysium

33
Q

What’s labeled B

A

myosatellite

34
Q

What’s labeled C

A

sarcolemma

35
Q

whats labeled D

A

myofibril

36
Q

Whats labeled A

A

mitochondria

37
Q

Whats labeled B

A

sarcolemma

38
Q

Whats labeled C

A

myofibril

39
Q

Whats labeled D

A

thin filament

40
Q

Whats labeled E

A

thick filament

41
Q

Whats labeled F

A

triad

42
Q

Whats labeled G

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

Whats labeled H

A

T-tubules

44
Q

Whats labeled I

A

terminal cisterna

45
Q

Whats labeled J

A

sarcolemma

46
Q

Whats labeled K

A

sarcoplasm

47
Q

Whats labeled L

A

myofibrils

48
Q

automatic pathway that mediates a response to a stimulus

A

Reflex arc

49
Q

Somatic reflex

A

skeletal muscle

50
Q

motor neuron & muscle fiber it innervates

A

Motor unit

51
Q

sequence of events from motor neuron signaling to a skeletal muscle fiber to contraction of the fiber’s sarcomeres

A

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

52
Q

muscle surface that ACH binds to

A

motor end plate

53
Q

degrades ACh in synaptic cleft

A

acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

54
Q
  1. ACh released, binding to receptors
  2. AP reaches T tubule
  3. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
  4. active site exposure and cross-bridge formation
  5. contraction begins
A

steps that initiate a muscle contraction

55
Q
  1. ACh removed by AChE
  2. sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures Ca2+
  3. active sites covered, no cross-bridge interaction
  4. contraction ends
  5. relaxation occurs, passive return to resting length
A

steps that end a muscle contraction

56
Q

what time of muscle fiber & where is it located

A

slow fibers (smaller diameter, darker color due to myoglobin; fatigue resistant)

located in the calf & back (prolong contraction)

57
Q

what time of muscle fiber & where is it located

A

fast fibers (larger diameter, paler color; easily fatigued)

located in the hands & eyes

58
Q

increase in cell size & increase # of myofibrils

A

Hypertrophy

59
Q

reduction in muscle size, tone, and power; due to disuse, age, or disease

A

Atrophy

60
Q

theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still

A

sliding filament theory

61
Q

when contracting, they increase in diameter

A

Parallel muscles

62
Q

not as strong as parallel muscles; direction of tension can vary

A

Convergent muscles

63
Q
  • shortest contraction distance
  • produce more force than parallel muscles due to higher fiber concentration
A

Pennate muscles

64
Q
  • regulate opening and closing of an orifice
  • can be found at sphincters
  • some are active until relaxed
A

Circular muscles

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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