Anatomy lecture- exam 1 (ch.3) Flashcards
- covers exposed surfaces
- lines internal passageways
- produces glandular secretions
epithelial tissue
- contracts to produce movements
- includes skeletal, cardiac, & smooth
muscular tissue
- fills internal spaces
- provides structural support
- store energy
connective tissue
- carries info
-conducts electrical impulses
neural tissue
- one layer of cells
- found in protected internal compartments of body
simple epithelium
-two or more layers of cells
-found where there is mechanical or chemical stresses
stratified epithelium
-mostly just one layer of cells
- cells with different shapes & sizes
pseudostratified
relatively flat “pancakes”
squamous epithelium
- found in the lining of body cavities, and the lining of heart & blood vessels
- reduces friction, absorbs & secretes
simple squamous epithelium
- found on the surface of the skin
-forms a physical barrier
stratified squamous epithelium
shaped like cubes
cuboidal
- found in thyroid glands & renal tubules
- secretion & absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
- found in ducts of sweat glands & mammary glands
- secretion & absorption
stratified cuboidal epithelium
longer than wider; columns
columnar
- found in the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes
- high secretion & absorption; protection
simple columnar epithelium
- found in the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary glands
- protection
stratified columnar epithelium
- found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis & ureters
- permits expansion, recoil & “stretchy”
transitional epithelium
types of glands”
exocrine & endocrine
types of secretions
- serous
- mucous
- mixed
ducts to an epithelial surface; body opening/space
- ex: sweat, saliva, mucus
exocrine
into ECF then to blood stream or lymph; hormones
endocrine
structure of ducts
- simple: no branching
- compound: repeated branches
product builds up and is released via exocytosis
- continuous, fastest secretion rate
eccrine secretion
vacuoles holding product release contents after apical portion is shed
- noncontinuous
- production in waves
apocrine secretion
lysis of entire cell, typically oily products, slowest production rate
holocrine secretion
extracellular component of protein fibers & “ground substances”
matrix
- establishing body’s structural framework
- transport fluid & dissolved materials
- specialized cells & extracellular protein fibers
functions of connective tissue
loose & dense
connective tissue proper
high tensile strength (tendons & ligaments)
collagen fibers
structural mesh within organs
reticular fibers
protein called elastin; “rubbery”
elastic fibers
“stuffing” of body
- found in lungs & within deep dermis of skin
- light connection that allows movement between skin & muscle
areolar tissue (loose)
- padding
- white fat: energy storage
- brown fat: thermogenesis (babies)
adipose tissue (loose)
“structural sponge”
- matrix is the stiffest of loose CT
- found in liver, kidneys, spleen
- provides structural framework
reticular tissue (loose)
high protein content gives rise to high tensile strength
- ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses
- firm attachment, reduces muscle friction, stability
dense regular
- organ sheaths
- primary performance of skin (dermis)
- provides strength & resist force
- prevents organ overexpansion
dense irregular
“rubbery”
- permits expansion/contraction, cushions shock
- found between vertebrae, vascular walls
elastic tissue (dense)
blood & lymph
fluid connective tissue
- moves via cardiovascular system
blood
erythrocytes (RBC)
gas transport (short life span)
leukocytes (WBC)
immune function
thrombocytes (platelets)
blood clotting
plasma
matrix
- monitors for signs of infection
- moves via the lymphatic system
lumph
cartilage & bone
supporting connective tissue
- made of chondrocytes
- cannot repair severe damages
- NO vascular
cartilage
lamellae (matrix)
mix of collagen fibers & calcium salts
exterior, tubes of blood vessels running through matrix (hard)
compact bone
- interior, avascular
- rings due to appositional growth
- blood vessels not in matrix
spongy bone
- provides support but tolerates distortion w/o damage
- most flexible cartilage
- external ear, epiglottis, larynx
elastic cartilage
- firmest; strongest cartilage
- resists compression
- limits movement/ bone contact
- around knee, intervertebral discs, within pelvis
fibrous cartilage
- tracheal rings
- costal cartilage
- joints
- provides stiff but flexible support
- reduce friction btw bony surfaces
hyaline cartilage
- supporting cells of neural tissue
- can divide
neuroglia
- conducts electrical signals (AP)
- longest cell in the body
- Dendrite: receives stimuli
- axon: transmits a signal; AP
neurons
movement produced voluntarily or through reflex arcs
- multinucleate
- hypertrophic growth
- striated
- location: combined w/ CT & neural tissues
- movement, thermogenesis, organ protection, sphincter
skeletal muscle tissue
- branches’ “mesh”
- scar tissue
- found in the heart
- circulates blood & maintains BP
cardiac muscle tissue
myogenic or reflex arc-induced movement
- non-striated
- hyperplasic growth
- can replicate
- moves material through lumen by regulating diameter
- found in walls of blood vessels, digestive, urinary & reproductive organs
smooth muscle tissue
watery fluid + enzymes
- lubrication
serous
mucins (glycoprotein) + water
- sticky protection
mucous
gland structure
- unicellular
- multicellular
secretory cells secreting mucins
- mucous, goblet cells
unicellular
secretory sheets/ clusters secreting mixed secretions
- duct cells + gland cells
multicellular
