Anatomy lecture- exam 1 (ch.3) Flashcards
1
Q
- covers exposed surfaces
- lines internal passageways
- produces glandular secretions
A
epithelial tissue
2
Q
- contracts to produce movements
- includes skeletal, cardiac, & smooth
A
muscular tissue
3
Q
- fills internal spaces
- provides structural support
- store energy
A
connective tissue
4
Q
- carries info
-conducts electrical impulses
A
neural tissue
5
Q
- one layer of cells
- found in protected internal compartments of body
A
simple epithelium
6
Q
-two or more layers of cells
-found where there is mechanical or chemical stresses
A
stratified epithelium
7
Q
-mostly just one layer of cells
- cells with different shapes & sizes
A
pseudostratified
8
Q
relatively flat “pancakes”
A
squamous epithelium
9
Q
- found in the lining of body cavities, and the lining of heart & blood vessels
- reduces friction, absorbs & secretes
A
simple squamous epithelium
10
Q
- found on the surface of the skin
-forms a physical barrier
A
stratified squamous epithelium
11
Q
shaped like cubes
A
cuboidal
12
Q
- found in thyroid glands & renal tubules
- secretion & absorption
A
simple cuboidal epithelium
13
Q
- found in ducts of sweat glands & mammary glands
- secretion & absorption
A
stratified cuboidal epithelium
14
Q
longer than wider; columns
A
columnar
15
Q
- found in the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes
- high secretion & absorption; protection
A
simple columnar epithelium
16
Q
- found in the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary glands
- protection
A
stratified columnar epithelium
17
Q
- found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis & ureters
- permits expansion, recoil & “stretchy”
A
transitional epithelium
18
Q
types of glands”
A
exocrine & endocrine
19
Q
types of secretions
A
- serous
- mucous
- mixed
20
Q
ducts to an epithelial surface; body opening/space
- ex: sweat, saliva, mucus
A
exocrine
21
Q
into ECF then to blood stream or lymph; hormones
A
endocrine
22
Q
structure of ducts
A
- simple: no branching
- compound: repeated branches
23
Q
product builds up and is released via exocytosis
- continuous, fastest secretion rate
A
eccrine secretion
24
Q
vacuoles holding product release contents after apical portion is shed
- noncontinuous
- production in waves
A
apocrine secretion
25
lysis of entire cell, typically oily products, slowest production rate
holocrine secretion
26
extracellular component of protein fibers & "ground substances"
matrix
27
- establishing body's structural framework
- transport fluid & dissolved materials
- specialized cells & extracellular protein fibers
functions of connective tissue
28
loose & dense
connective tissue proper
29
high tensile strength (tendons & ligaments)
collagen fibers
30
structural mesh within organs
reticular fibers
31
protein called elastin; "rubbery"
elastic fibers
32
"stuffing" of body
- found in lungs & within deep dermis of skin
- light connection that allows movement between skin & muscle
areolar tissue (loose)
33
- padding
- white fat: energy storage
- brown fat: thermogenesis (babies)
adipose tissue (loose)
34
"structural sponge"
- matrix is the stiffest of loose CT
- found in liver, kidneys, spleen
- provides structural framework
reticular tissue (loose)
35
high protein content gives rise to high tensile strength
- ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses
- firm attachment, reduces muscle friction, stability
dense regular
36
- organ sheaths
- primary performance of skin (dermis)
- provides strength & resist force
- prevents organ overexpansion
dense irregular
37
"rubbery"
- permits expansion/contraction, cushions shock
- found between vertebrae, vascular walls
elastic tissue (dense)
38
blood & lymph
fluid connective tissue
39
- moves via cardiovascular system
blood
40
erythrocytes (RBC)
gas transport (short life span)
41
leukocytes (WBC)
immune function
42
thrombocytes (platelets)
blood clotting
43
plasma
matrix
44
- monitors for signs of infection
- moves via the lymphatic system
lumph
45
cartilage & bone
supporting connective tissue
46
- made of chondrocytes
- cannot repair severe damages
- NO vascular
cartilage
47
lamellae (matrix)
mix of collagen fibers & calcium salts
48
exterior, tubes of blood vessels running through matrix (hard)
compact bone
49
- interior, avascular
- rings due to appositional growth
- blood vessels not in matrix
spongy bone
50
- provides support but tolerates distortion w/o damage
- most flexible cartilage
- external ear, epiglottis, larynx
elastic cartilage
51
- firmest; strongest cartilage
- resists compression
- limits movement/ bone contact
- around knee, intervertebral discs, within pelvis
fibrous cartilage
52
- tracheal rings
- costal cartilage
- joints
- provides stiff but flexible support
- reduce friction btw bony surfaces
hyaline cartilage
53
- supporting cells of neural tissue
- can divide
neuroglia
54
- conducts electrical signals (AP)
- longest cell in the body
- Dendrite: receives stimuli
- axon: transmits a signal; AP
neurons
55
movement produced voluntarily or through reflex arcs
- multinucleate
- hypertrophic growth
- striated
- location: combined w/ CT & neural tissues
- movement, thermogenesis, organ protection, sphincter
skeletal muscle tissue
56
- branches' "mesh"
- scar tissue
- found in the heart
- circulates blood & maintains BP
cardiac muscle tissue
57
myogenic or reflex arc-induced movement
- non-striated
- hyperplasic growth
- can replicate
- moves material through lumen by regulating diameter
- found in walls of blood vessels, digestive, urinary & reproductive organs
smooth muscle tissue
58
watery fluid + enzymes
- lubrication
serous
59
mucins (glycoprotein) + water
- sticky protection
mucous
60
gland structure
- unicellular
- multicellular
61
secretory cells secreting mucins
- mucous, goblet cells
unicellular
62
secretory sheets/ clusters secreting mixed secretions
- duct cells + gland cells
multicellular
