Anatomy lecture- exam 1 (ch.3) COPY Flashcards
- covers exposed surfaces
- lines internal passageways
- produces glandular secretions
epithelial tissue
- contracts to produce movements
- includes skeletal, cardiac, & smooth
muscular tissue
- fills internal spaces
- provides structural support
- store energy
connective tissue
- carries info
-conducts electrical impulses
neural tissue
- one layer of cells
- found in protected internal compartments of body
simple epithelium
-two or more layers of cells
-found where there is mechanical or chemical stresses
stratified epithelium
-mostly just one layer of cells
- cells with different shapes & sizes
pseudostratified
relatively flat “pancakes”
squamous epithelium
- found in the lining of body cavities, and the lining of heart & blood vessels
- reduces friction, absorbs & secretes
simple squamous epithelium
- found on the surface of the skin
-forms a physical barrier
stratified squamous epithelium
shaped like cubes
cuboidal
- found in thyroid glands & renal tubules
- secretion & absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
- found in ducts of sweat glands & mammary glands
- secretion & absorption
stratified cuboidal epithelium
longer than wider; columns
columnar
- found in the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes
- high secretion & absorption; protection
simple columnar epithelium
- found in the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary glands
- protection
stratified columnar epithelium
- found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis & ureters
- permits expansion, recoil & “stretchy”
transitional epithelium
types of glands”
exocrine & endocrine
types of exocrine glands
serous, mucous, mixed, multicellular, & unicellular
ducts to an epithelial surface; body opening/space
- ex: sweat, saliva, mucus
exocrine
into ECF then to blood stream or lymph; hormones
endocrine
structure of ducts
- simple: no branching
- compound: repeated branches
exocytosis, can be continuous, fastest secretion rate
eccrine secretion
apical portion is shed, noncontinuous, production in waves
apocrine secretion
lysis of entire cell, typically oily products, slowest production rate
holocrine secretion
extracellular component of protein fibers & “ground substances”
matrix
- establishing body’s structural framework
- transport fluid & dissolved materials
- specialized cells & extracellular protein fibers
functions of connective tissue
loose & dense
connective tissue proper
high tensile strength (tendons & ligaments(
collagen fibers
structural mesh within organs
reticular fibers
protein called elastin; “rubbery”
elastic fibers
“stuffing” of body
- found in lungs & within deep dermis of skin
- light connection that allows movement between skin & muscle
areolar tissue (loose)
- padding
- white fat: energy storage
- brown fat: thermogenesis (babies)
adipose tissue (loose)
“structural sponge”
- matrix is the stiffest of loose CT
- found in liver, kidneys, spleen
- provides structural framework
reticular tissue (loose)
- ligaments
- tendons
- aponeuroses
- high tensile strength, firm attachment, reduces friction
dense regular
- organ sheaths
- primary performance of skin (dermis)
- provides strength & resist force
- prevents organ overexpansion
dense irregular
“rubbery”
- found between vertebrae of spinal column
- ex: transitional epithelium
elastic tissue (dense)
blood & lymph
fluid connective tissue
- moves via cardiovascular system
blood
erythrocytes (RBC)
gas transport (short life span)
leukocytes (WBC)
immune function
thrombocytes (platelets)
blood clotting
plasma
matrix
- monitors for signs of infection
- moves via the lymphatic system
lumph
cartilage & bone
supporting connective tissue
- made of chondrocytes
- cannot repair severe damages
- NO vascular
cartilage
lamellae (matrix)
mix of collagen fibers & calcium salts
compact bone
blood vessels in matrix
spongy bone
blood vessels not in matrix
- found in the external ear
- provides support but tolerates distortion w/o damage
- MOST flexible cartilage
elastic cartilage
- firmest; strongest cartilage
- resists compression
- prevents bone-to-bone contact
- found in pads within knee joint; btw pubic bones of pelvis
fibrous cartilage
- tracheal rings
- costal cartilage
- joints
- provides stiff but flexible support
- reduce friction btw bony surfaces
hyaline cartilage
- supporting cells of neural tissue
- can divide
neuroglia
- conducts electrical signals (AP)
- longest cell in the body
- Dendrite: receives stimuli
- axon: transmits a signal; AP
neurons
- multinucleate
- voluntary or reflex arch
- location: combined w/ CT & neural tissues
- protect internal organs
- hypertrophy via mysoatellites
skeletal muscle tissue
- branches’ “mesh”
- scar tissue
- found in the heart
- circulates blood & maintains BP
cardiac muscle tissue
- non-striated
- can replicate
- reflex arch
- found in walls of blood vessels, digestive, urinary & reproductive organs
- function: move food
smooth muscle tissue
