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ANATOMY > LECTURE exam 4- Ch. 23 > Flashcards

LECTURE exam 4- Ch. 23 Flashcards

1
Q
  • interstitial fluid (fluid in between cells)
  • lymphocytes (primary for immune response; circulate in lymphatic fluid)
  • macrophages (engulf unknown things)
A

lymph

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2
Q
  • pass through lymphatic tissue & organs
  • deliver lymph to venous circulation
A

lymphatic vessels

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3
Q
  • thymus
  • red bone marrow
A

primary lymphatic structures

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4
Q
  • tonsils
  • lymph nodes (axillary, lumbar, pelvic, inguinal)
  • spleen
  • mucosa (associated lymphoid tissue)
A

secondary lymphatic structures

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5
Q
  1. produce, maintain & distribute lymphocytes
  2. provide alternative transport route
  3. maintain normal blood volume & composition of interstitial fluid
A

functions of lymphatic system

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6
Q
  • cause differentiation of lymphocytes resulting in: T cells, B cells & NK cells
A

primary lymphatic structures

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7
Q

“front line” defense
- consist of lymphocytes & B cells

A

secondary lymphatic structures

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8
Q
  • hormones
  • nutrients: lipids transferred by lacteal system are carried to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels
  • waste products
A

functions of lymphatic system: provide alternative transport route

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9
Q

relatively high capillary pressure forces ___ & ___ out of plasma into interstitial fluid area

A

solutes & water

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10
Q
  • small
  • only found in places with vasculature
  • lacteals are specialized capillaries in SI
A

lymphatic capillaries

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11
Q

larger-diameter lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic ducts

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12
Q

whats A

A

incomplete basal lamina

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13
Q

whats B

A

lymphatic valve

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14
Q
  • larger in diameter
  • thinner walls
  • irregular outline
  • anchoring filaments that connect to surrounding connective tissue keep capillaries open
  • greater permeability
A

lymphatic capillaries

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15
Q
  • thinner walls & larger lumens
  • do not have easily identifiable tunics
  • have valves just like most veins
  • pressure is lower than veins
  • skeletal muscle contraction helps propel lymph
  • inhalation decreases thoracic pressure, which helps to move lymph toward venous system
A

lymphatic vessels

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16
Q
  • subcutaneous layer
  • mucous lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary & reproductive tracts
  • serous lining of pleural, pericardial, & peritoneal cavities
A

superficial lymphatics

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17
Q

skeletal muscle, neck, limbs, trunk & visceral organs

A

deep lymphatics

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18
Q

convergence of deep & superficial

A

lymphatic trunks

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19
Q
  1. thoracic duct drain
  2. right lymphatic drain
A

all trunks drain into one of two ducts

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20
Q

right side of body superior to diaphragm: arm/ torso /neck & head

A

right lymphatic drains
- labeled A

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21
Q
  • lymph inferior to the diaphragm: abdomen / both legs
  • left side of body superior to diaphragm: arm / torso / neck & head
A

thoracic duct drains
- labeled B

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22
Q

primary cells of lymphatic system

A

lymphocytes

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23
Q
  • invading bacteria & viruses
  • abnormal body cells such as cancer cells
  • foreign proteins such as toxins released by some bacteria
A

lymphocytes respond to –

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24
Q
  • exit bloodstream to enter interstitial spaces
  • re enter bloodstream via lymphatic vessels
A

lymphocytes travel throughout the body

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25
Q
  • originate in bone marrow but travel to the thymus gland & become immunocompetent (activated) by thymosin
  • mature cells leave thymus & migrate to red bone marrow & spleen
A

T cells

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26
Q

attack foreign cells & viruses

A

cytotoxic T cells

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27
Q

stimulate T & B cells; enhance antibody production

A

Helper T cells

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28
Q

moderate immune response

A

regulatory T cells

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29
Q

activated upon subsequent antigen exposure

A

memory T cells

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30
Q
  • originate & become immunocompetent in bone marrow
  • mature cells enter bloodstream & migrate to peripheral tissues
A

B cells

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31
Q

Can differentiate to form:
- plasma cells (produce antibodies that react with antigens)
- memory B cells (become activated if same antigen reappears)

A

B cells

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32
Q
  • attack foreign cells
  • attack normal cells that are infected with viruses
  • attack cancer cells
A

NK cells

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33
Q

both lymphatic tissue & lymphatic nodules are lymphatic tissues without a ___

A

capsule

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34
Q
  • mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
  • tonsils (5 sets)
  • aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches & appendix)
A

types of nodules

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35
Q

lymphatic nodules associated with digestive tract

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

36
Q
  • one pharyngeal
  • two palatine
  • two lingual
37
Q

lymphatic nodules associated with small intestine

A

aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches & appendix)

38
Q

separated from surrounding tissue by a fibrous capsule

A

lymphatic organs

39
Q
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus glands
  • spleen
  • red marrow
A

lymphatic organs

40
Q

Whats labeled A

A

medulla (B cells and macrophages)

41
Q

Whats labeled B

A

paracortex (T cells)

42
Q

Whats labeled C

A

afferent vessel

43
Q

Whats labeled D

A

cortex (B cells)

44
Q

Whats labeled E

45
Q

Whats labeled F

A

efferent vessel

46
Q

Whats labeled A

47
Q

Whats labeled B

A

subcapsular space

48
Q

Whats labeled C

A

outer cortex

49
Q

Whats labeled D

A

dendritic cells

50
Q

whats labeled A

A

septa (fibrous layer that separates lobules)

51
Q

whats labeled B

52
Q
  • stem cells that differentiate to form T cells
  • mature T cells migrate to medulla
A

cortex consists of

53
Q

T cells that remain inactive until they enter circulation

A

medulla consists of

54
Q

produce thymic hormones such as thymosin

A

epithelial reticular cells

55
Q
  • lies posterior to manubrium of sternum
  • consists of two thymic lobes
  • consists of numerous lobules separated by septa
A

thymus galnd

56
Q
  • largest lymphatic organ
  • attached to left side of stomach via gastrosplenic ligament
  • visceral surface has hilium
  • stores Fe & RBCs
  • activates B cells & T cells
  • will destroy old/damaged RBC
57
Q

whats labeled A

58
Q

whats labeled B

A

splenic vein

59
Q

whats labeled C

A

splenic artery

60
Q

whats labeled D

A

splenic lymphatic vessel

61
Q
  • contains large quantities of red blood cells & macrophages
  • macrophages identify & engulf damaged or infected red blood cells
62
Q
  • forms lymphoid nodules
  • can respond to antigens or pathogens in blood
A

white pulp

63
Q

whats labeled A

A

buccal lymph node

64
Q

whats labeled B

A

mandibular lymph node

65
Q

whats labeled C

A

submental lymph node

66
Q

whats labeled D

A

submandibular lymph node

67
Q

whats labeled E

A

mastoid lymph node

68
Q

whats labeled F

A

occipital lymph node

69
Q

whats labeled G

A

parotid lymph node

70
Q

whats labeled H

A

superficial cervical lymph node

71
Q

whats labeled I

A

deep cervical lymph node

72
Q

whats labeled A

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes

73
Q

whats labeled B

A

great saphenous vein

74
Q

whats labeled C

A

popliteal lymph nodes

75
Q

whats labeled A

A

pectoralis major

76
Q

whats labeled B

A

axillary lymph node

77
Q

whats labeled C

A

cephalic vein

78
Q

whats labeled D

A

basilic vein

79
Q

whats labeled E

A

supratrochlear lymph node

80
Q

whats labeled A

A

subclavian lymph node

81
Q

whats labeled B

A

axillary lymph nodes

82
Q

whats labeled C

A

subscapular lymph node

83
Q

whats labeled D

A

pectoral lymph node

84
Q

whats labeled E

A

mammary gland

85
Q

whats labeled F

A

central lymph node

86
Q

whats labeled A

A

transverse mesocolic lymph nodes

87
Q

whats labeled B

A

appendicular lymph nodes

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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