Anatomy lecture- exam 1 (ch.2) Flashcards
Frick’s first law of diffusion
J = ??
rate of diffusion
Frick’s first law of diffusion
A = ??
surface area for diffusion
Frick’s first law of diffusion equation
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy ex: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
passive transport
uses ATP to move solutes against concentration gradient
active transport
A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes. “cell drinking”
pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells “cell eating”
phagocytosis
packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle (membrane-bound sac) for importation into the cell
- use ATP
endocytosis
the release of fluids and/or solids from cells when intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane
- uses ATP
exocytosis
cell to cell communication, structural support, adhesion, physical barrier, regulates exchange with extracellular fluid, senses stimuli
plasma membrane function
- site of ATP synthesis
- oxidative phosphorylation
mitochondria
Frick’s first law of diffusion
D = ??
diffusion coefficient
Frick’s first law of diffusion
ΔC = ??
difference in solute concentration
Frick’s first law of diffusion
ΔX = ??
diffusion distance, membrane thickness
mitochondrion & nucleus are
double-layered membranes
what organelle is this
mitochondria
double membrane enclosing nucleus, embedded with proteins
- nuclear pores
nuclear envelope
- nucleoli: make ribosomes
-chromatin: loose coils of chromosomes
nucleoplasm
synthesize proteins using RNA template
- free: float in cytoplasm
- attached/fixed: attached to endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
- increase SA
- churn ECF
- microfilament support
microvilli
what structure
microvilli
- cell movement
- made of microvilli
flagella
intermediate filaments & microtubules
cytoskeleton
- anchor organelles
- transport materials
intermediate filaments
- move organelles
- churn ECF
- cell movement
- essential for mitosis
microtubules
- microvilli
- free ribosomes
- centriole
- centrosome
- fixed ribosome
- cytoskeleton
are all___
nonmembranous organelles
-mitochondria
-nucleus
-endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-peroxisomes
membranous organelles
- high concentration of protein
- large reserve of amino acids/ lipids
- high intracellular concentration of potassium (-)
- low intracellular concentration of sodium (+)
cytosol
- synthesis
-storage
-transport
-detoxification
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
cisternae + ribosomes
- synthesizes/ stores proteins
- proteins move via transport vesicles
rough ER
cisternae
- synthesizes lipids, steroids & carbohydrates
-storage of Ca++
-detoxification of toxins
smooth ER
- synthesis & packaging of secretions
- packaging of enzymes for use in cytosol
- renewal & modification of cell membrane
golgi apparatus
vesicle filled with digestive enzymes
lysosomes
vesicle filled with “house keeping” enzymes
- oxidase (converts to hydrogen peroxide)
- catalase (converts to water)
peroxisome
- phospholipid bilayer
- selective permeability
plasma membrane
includes the cytosol & organelles
cytoplasm
- cell to cell communication, structural support, adhesion
- regulates exchange w/ extracellular fluid
- physical barrier
- senses extracellular stimuli
plasma membrane
structure of plasma membranes
- phospholipids
- proteins
- glycolipids
- sterols
what type of intercellular connection is shown
Gap junctions
what type of intercellular connection is shown
tight junctions
what type of intercellular connection is shown
cell adhesion molecules
what type of intercellular connection is shown
hemidesmosome
“straws”
- permits free diffusion of ions & small molecules btw two cells
gap junctions
“staples”
- formed by fusion of 2 outer layer of plasma membrane
- prevent diffusion of fluids & solutes btw cells
tight junctions
“velcro”
- attach one cell to another
cell adhesion molecules
“sewn”
- attach epithelial cell to the basement membrane (extracellular structures)
hemidesmosome
